
DNA Unwinding Assay Kit
This kit is designed to investigate whether a compound intercalates into the DNA double-helix, or binds in the groove, leading to unwinding of the DNA. This is a characteristic of a number of inhibitors of DNA-modifying enzymes such as the topoisomerase inhibitor m-amsacrine.
Intercalators contain planar, normally polycyclic, aromatic structures which can insert between the bases of the double-helical DNA molecule. Compounds which are able to intercalate into DNA or bind in the groove can lead to local unwinding of the DNA leading to a decrease in the twist of the DNA. If a DNA molecule is nicked and rejoined (for example by a topoisomerase) in the presence of such a compound, then the result is relaxed, underwound DNA; on removal of the enzyme and compound this converts to supercoiled DNA. The supercoiled DNA formed in these conditions is indicative of an intercalator.
This is the basis of the DNA unwinding assay. Supercoiled (or relaxed) plasmid DNA is incubated briefly with the test compound prior to relaxation by the wheat germ topo I. The enzyme and drug are then removed by extraction and the plasmid analysed by gel electrophoresis. Supercoiled topoiosmers indicate the compound is an intercalator or groove binder. If the compound is not an intercalator then the product will be relaxed plasmid.
The assay should be checked by performing a control reaction using relaxed plasmid to show that the compound is not simply acting as an inhibitor of the topo I.
The kit (product code DUKSR001) contains all you need to do the assay including:-
Supercoiled pBR322 (50 μg), relaxed pBR322 (25 μg), wheat germ topo I (250 U), Assay Buffer (1 ml) and Dilution Buffer (1 ml).
We also supply kits which contain topo I and buffers but only:-
(i) the relaxed form of pBR322 (product code DUKR002). This will show if a compound is an intercalator but not if it also inhibits the topo I (i.e. false-negatives are possible)
(ii) the supercoiled form of pBR322 (product code DUKS003). This will show if a compound is an intercalator but the same result will be given if it is an inhibitor of topo I (i.e. false-positives are possible)
This is illustrated in the scheme below:
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最近,我看了很多这方面的资料,但是我对这个方面不是很了解,所以现在搞得头昏眼花的,不知道该选什么酶和载体,希望大家多多帮忙
在此十分感谢
B、酶大部分是蛋白质、少量是RNA,故某种酶的基本组成单位是氨基酸或核糖核苷酸,B错误;
C、内分泌细胞能产生激素,活的细胞能产生酶,故能产生激素的细胞就能产生酶,C正确;
D、酶通常是蛋白质,蛋白质在低温条件下更加稳定,利于保存,而且低温不会使酶失活,因此在最适温度保存没有意义,D错误.
相同点:都能以DNA为模板,从5'向3'进行核苷酸或脱氧核苷酸的聚合反应。
不同点
1、作用底物不同。RNA聚合酶底物是NTP;DNA聚合酶底物是dNTP。
2、RNA聚合酶作用不需要引物,而DNA聚合酶作用需要引物。
3、RNA聚合酶本身具有一定的解旋功能,而DNA聚合酶没有,当需要解开双链的时候要解旋酶和拓扑异构酶的帮助。
4、RNA聚合酶只具有5‘到3’端的聚合酶活性,而DNA聚合酶不仅有5‘到3’端的聚合酶活性,还具有3‘到5’端的外切酶活性。保证DNA复制时候校对,所以复制的忠实性高于转录的。
5、RNA聚合酶通常作用于转录过程;DNA聚合酶通常作用于DNA复制过程
不同点:
1、作用底物不同。RNA聚合酶底物是NTP;DNA聚合酶底物是dNTP。
2、RNA聚合酶作用不需要引物,而DNA聚合酶作用需要引物。
3、RNA聚合酶本身具有一定的解旋功能,而DNA聚合酶没有,当需要解开双链的时候要解旋酶和拓扑异构酶的帮助。
4、RNA聚合酶只具有5‘到3’端的聚合酶活性,而DNA聚合酶不仅有5‘到3’端的聚合酶活性,还具有3‘到5’端的外切酶活性。保证DNA复制时候校对,所以复制的忠实性高于转录的。
5、RNA聚合酶通常作用于转录过程;DNA聚合酶通常作用于DNA复制过程。
聚合酶就是多功能的dna的制作机器
我用来扩增一个1.1kb的基因,用TAKARA的EXtaq和其他的总是出现突变不知道这个酶能不能完全保真,另外末端是否加A
解旋酶:在DNA复制、转录时,作用于DNA双链,将双链DNA解开形成单链。
RNA聚合酶:在转录过程中,作用于游离的核糖核苷酸,将它们连接形成mRNA链
下面是六种不同耐热聚合酶的比较:
Taq:扩增效率最高的耐热DNA聚合酶,能很好的扩增6kb以下的DNA片段。扩增碱基出错率为10-5左右。
Pfu:目前保真度最高的耐热DNA聚合酶,碱基出错率为10-6,但扩增效率低于Taq酶,一般能很好的扩增2kb以下的片段。
TaqPlus:集扩增效率高和保真度好于一身。扩增效率比Pfu高,保真度比Taq好。能有效的扩增10kb以下的片段。
HotstartTaq:经过化学修饰的耐热DNA聚合酶。此酶在常温下,活性被化学基团封闭,要在94℃-95℃加热数分钟才能回复正常活力开始反应,避免了起始循环较低温度下的非特异性扩增,提高了反应的灵敏度和特异性。
LongTaq:具有3’-5’外切酶活性的耐热DNA聚合酶,它不但扩增效率高而且错配率低,对于简单模板可扩增长达40kb的模板,对复杂模板也可扩增长达15kb的片段。
TaqPlatinum:热启动高保真耐热DNA聚合酶。如果对保真度要求很高,而用Pfu扩增有难度,可选用TaqPlatinum,一般扩增长度可达4kb。
根据不同的实验目的选择最合适的酶,
克隆普通长度的目的DNA片段:Taq、TaqPlus
保真度要求较高,片段比较短,如点突变、基因筛选等:Pfu、TaqPlatinum
高保真长片段扩增,如构建基因图谱及分子遗传学研究等:LongTaq、TaqPlus
扩增基因组模板,需要降低背景:HotstartTaq、TaqPlatinum
扩增GC含量较高或二级结构较复杂的模板:TaqPlus、LongTaq、TaqPlatinum
实时荧光定量PCR反应:Taq、HotstartTaq、TaqPlatinum
从菌株或质粒模板,筛选鉴定目的克隆,扩增6kb以下的片段:Taq、TaqPlus、2×TaqPCRMasterMix
模板比较复杂或目的片段丰度低,用普通Taq酶扩增不出条带:2×TaqPCRMasterMix、2×PfuPCRMasterMix

