| 9-cis-Retinoic Acid |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Nature.2017 Jan 19;541(7637):417-420.
Nature.2018 Nov;563(7731):407-411.Nature.2018 Jun 13.Nature.2018 Jun 27.Nature.2018 Mar 29;555(7698):673-677.Nature.2017 Sep 7;549(7670):96-100.Nature.2016 Apr 21;532(7599):398-401.
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- Purity ≥95.00%
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| Cas No. | 5300-03-8 | SDF | Download SDF |
| Synonyms | N/A | ||
| Chemical Name | (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC(O)=O)=C(C)CCC1 | ||
| Formula | C20H28O2 | M.Wt | 300.44 |
| Solubility | ≤0.5mg/ml in ethanol;20mg/ml in DMSO;20mg/ml in dimethyl formamide | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Physical Appearance | A crystalline solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
Ki: 0.5-27 nM for RAR; 3.8-12 nM for RXR
9-cis-Retinoic acid (9cRA) is a RAR and RXR activator.
Metabolism activates vitamin A into retinoic acid (RA), which controls physiological processes such as nervous system function, immune response, cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as reproduction. Much of the activity of RA is mediated via two subfamilies of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).
In vitro: The 9cRA effect in pancreatic β-cells line INS-1 832/13 led to a decreased expression of Mptn associated to a concomitant increase of miR-375. Moreover, in the breast cancer model, 9cRA showed different effect on both Mtpn and miR-375 expression. Moreover, in INS-1 832/13, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and MCF-7 but not in MDA-MB-231, the effect of 9cRA on Mptn gene expression and its miR was under the control of RARs and RXRs receptors [1].
In vivo: A chemoprevention study was conducted to evaluate the activity of 9cRA as an inhibitor of prostate carcinogenesis in male Wistar-Unilever rats. Results showed that continuous dietary administration of 9cRA reduced cancer incidence in the dorsolateral + anterior prostate. Similarly, 9cRA with same doses reduced the incidence of cancer in all accessory sex glands. Moreover, chronic dietary administration of 9cRA induced no gross or organ-specific toxicity and did not suppress group mean body weight gain [2].
Clinical trial: The impact of 9cRA on quality of life of alitretinoin in severe chronic hand eczema has been evaluated. At baseline, most patients had CHE characterized as severe by PGA (83 %). At last visit, 48 % of patients had a PGA response of clear/almost clear. Mean improvement in DLQI scores at week 24 was 58 % and 70 %. The overall incidence of AEs was low and similar in both groups [3].
References:[1] Perri M, Caroleo MC, Liu N, Gallelli L, De Sarro G, Kagechika H, Cione E. 9-cis Retinoic acid modulates myotrophin expression and its miR in physiological and pathophysiological cell models. Exp Cell Res. 2017 Mar 12. pii: S0014-4827(17)30126-X. [2] McCormick DL, Rao KV, Steele VE, Lubet RA, Kelloff GJ, Bosland MC. Chemoprevention of rat prostate carcinogenesis by 9-cis-retinoic acid. Cancer Res. 1999 Feb 1;59(3):521-4.[3] Augustin M, Thai D, Kamps A. Impact on quality of life of alitretinoin in severe chronic hand eczema: FUGETTA real-world study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2016 Dec;14(12):1261-1270.
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伊立替康是喜树碱的半合成衍生物。喜树碱可特异性地与拓扑异构酶I结合，后者诱导可逆性单链断裂，从而使DNA双链结构解旋；伊立替康及其活性代谢物SN－38可与拓扑异构酶I－DNA复合物结合，从而阻止断裂单链的再连接。现有研究提示，伊立替康的细胞毒作用归因于DNA合成过程中，复制酶与拓扑异构酶I－DNA一伊立替康（或SN－38）三联复合物相互作用，从而引起DNA双链断裂。哺乳动物细胞不能有效地修复这种DNA双链断裂。
毒理研究
遗传毒性：伊立替康和SN－38在Ames试验中均未显示出致突变性。伊立替康在CHO细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠微核试验中显示了致断裂作用。
生殖毒性：在啮齿动物多次给药试验中，可见雄性动物生殖器官萎缩。雌性大鼠静脉注射14C一伊立替康，其放射性可透过胎盘屏障，大鼠和家兔试验中，可见本品对胚胎和胎儿的毒性反应。大鼠静脉注射放射性标记的伊立替康后5分钟内，可在其乳汁中检测到放射性，给药4小时后乳汁中药物浓度可达到血药浓度的65倍；雌性大鼠在围产期静脉注射本品可引起仔鼠学习能力和雌鼠仔鼠体重的下降。
尚无足够的和严格控制的孕妇临床研究资料，若患者在孕期使用本品或在使用本品期间怀孕，应被告之对胎儿的潜在危害。有生育可能的妇女在本品给药期间应避免怀孕；母亲在接受本品治疗期间应停止哺乳。
致癌性：尚未进行伊立替康长期给药的致癌性研究，但进行了大鼠连续三周、每周一次静脉注射伊立替康2mg/kg和25mg/kg，然后恢复91周的试验（大鼠静脉注射伊立替康25mg/kg后，其Cmax和AUC分别约相当于人每周给药125mg/m2后的7倍和1.3倍）,结果显示，子宫喇叭口处子宫内膜间质息肉和子宫内膜间质肉瘤发生率的增加有明显的剂量依赖性。
【药代动力学】
文献报导，人体静脉注射本品后，伊立替康的血浆浓度呈常指数消除。平均消除半衰期为6～12小时，活性代谢产物SN－3 8的消除半衰期为10～20小时。因为其内酯和羟基酸是化学平衡的，故活性内酯和SN－38的半衰期与完整的伊立替康和SN－38的半衰期相近。
在50～350mg/m2的剂量范围内，伊立替康吸收面积（AUC）与剂量呈线性递增关系：SN－38的AUC增加要小于剂量的增加。在90分钟内静脉滴注本品后1小时内，活性代谢产物SN－38达到最大浓度。伊立替康与血浆蛋白的结合率为 30%～68%，明显低于SN－38与血浆蛋白的结合率（大约95%）。伊立替康主要在肝内由羧酸酯酶转化为活性代谢产物SN－38，后者代谢为葡萄糖甙酸，活性为SN－38的1/50～1/100（由体内细胞毒性检测）。体内分布不明；药物及代谢产物经尿排泄：伊立替康为11%～20%，SN－38<1%，SN－38糖甙约3%。给药48小时后胆汁蓄积和经尿排泄的药25%～50%。
【贮 藏】
遮光，密闭保存。
【包 装】
西林瓶装，1瓶/盒，有40mg及100mg两种规格。
效 期】
24个月
【执行标准】
WS1-（X-166）-2005Z
【生产企业】
企业名称：辉瑞制药；安万特制药；齐鲁制药；江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司向左转|向右转
请规范发贴，求助贴请在标题前加【求助】，谢谢您的合作。——by草根
我是新手。我要开始做实验了，但一开始就碰到了个很大的问题。
我想买个能利用哺乳动物细胞RNA聚合酶将DNA转录成RNA的的质粒，向好几家公司打了电话，但都没有我想要的东西。
没有这个东西，我的实验就只能是蓝图了。哪位战友有办法的，能不能帮帮我？
不胜感激。
DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱ与抗肿瘤药物靶点的研究进展.doc(59.5k)
