- BMS-708163 (Avagacestat)
- DAPT (GSI-IX)
- BMS 299897
- YO-01027 (Dibenzazepine, DBZ)
- Flurizan
- Semagacestat (LY450139)
| LY-411575Gamma secretase inhibitor |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Nature.2017 Jan 19;541(7637):417-420.
Nature.2018 Nov;563(7731):407-411.Nature.2018 Jun 13.Nature.2018 Jun 27.Nature.2018 Mar 29;555(7698):673-677.Nature.2017 Sep 7;549(7670):96-100.Nature.2016 Apr 21;532(7599):398-401.
Science.2016 Aug 5;353(6299)594-8Nat Nanotechnol.2017 Dec;12(12):1190-1198.Nature Biotechnology.2017 Jun;35(6):569-576Nat Med.2018 Sep 17.Cell.2018 Dec 21. pii: S0092-8674(18)31561-7.Cell.Available online 25 October 2018.Cell.2018 Sep 27. pii: S0092-8674(18)31183-8.Cell.2018 Jun 28;174(1):172-186.e21.Cell.2018 Feb 22;172(5):1007-1021.e17.Cell.2017 Nov 30;171(6):1284-1300.e21.Cell.2017 Aug 17. pii: S0092-8674(17)30869-3.Cell.2017 Jul 13;170(2):312-323Nat Med.2018 Jan 29.Nat Med.2017 Nov;23(11):1342-1351.Cell.2017 Apr 6;169(2):286-300.Cell.2015 Aug 27;162(5):987-1002.Cell.2015 Feb 12;160(4):729-44.Nature Medicine.2017 Apr;23(4):493-500.Cancer Cell.2018 May 14;33(5):905-921.e5.Cancer Cell.2018 Apr 9;33(4):752-769.e8.Cancer Cell.2018 Mar 12;33(3):401-416.e8.Cancer Cell.2017 Aug 14;32(2):253-267.e5.Nat Methods.2018 Jul;15(7):523-526.Cell Stem Cell.2018 May 3;22(5):769-778.e4.Cell Stem Cell.2017 Nov 20. pii: S1934-5909(17)30375-2.Quality Control & MSDS
- View current batch:
- Purity = 99.10%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- HPLC
- NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chemical structure
| Description | LY411575 is a potent γ-secretase inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.078 nM and 0.082 nM for membrane and cell-based, respectively. | |||||
| Targets | γ-secretase | Notch S3 cleavage | ||||
| IC50 | 0.078 nM (membrane-based) 0.082 nM (cell-based) | 0.39 nM | ||||
| Kinase experiment [1]: | |
Inhibitory activities | Procedures for measuring γ-secretase activity in membranes prepared from HEK293 cells expressing APP. Intact HEK293 cells expressing either APP or NE were treated with various concentrations of LY-411,575 for 4 h at 37℃. In the case of cells expressing NE, cells were lysed, the cell lysates were separated on a 4-12% NuPAGE gel, and the processed NICD fragment was detected via Western blot with a cleavage site-specific antibody. The inhibition of NICD production was quantified by spot densitometric analysis using FluorChem. In the case of cells expressing APP, the conditioned medium was collected, centrifuged at 10,000×g for 5 min to remove cell debris, and stored at -20℃ prior to the determination ofAβ levels. Aβ40 and -42 produced in HEK293 membrane- and cell-based assays, as well as plasma Aβ40 and cortex Aβ40 from TgCRND8 mice, were analyzed without pretreatment using an electrochemiluminescence detection-based immunoassay. Plasma Aβ42 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure cortex Aβ42. |
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | HEK293 cells expressing human APP carrying both the Swedish and London mutations or NE. |
Preparation method | Soluble in DMSO > 10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
Reaction Conditions | 4 h. |
Applications | In HEK293 cells expressing human APP or N E, LY-411,575 inhibits Aβ40 and NICD production with IC50 values of 0.082 and 0.39 nM, respectively. |
| Animal experiment [1]: | |
Animal models | Six-week-old female TgCRND8 or male C57BL/6 mice. |
Dosage form | 1-10 mg/kg; dosed orally once/day for 5 or 15 days. |
Preparation method | Formulated as 10 mg/ml solutions in 50% polyethylene glycol, 30% propylene glycol, 10% ethanol and diluted in 0.4% methylcellulose for dosing. |
Applications | In TgCRND8 mice, LY-411,575 decreases brain and plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42. LY-411,575 (10 mg/kg) reduces weight of mice by 2 g. LY-411,575 induces a marked atrophy of the cortical zone of the thymus and reduces the amount of thymocyte cells. |
Other notes | Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
References: [1]. Wong GT, Manfra D, Poulet FM, et al. Chronic treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411,575 inhibits beta-amyloid peptide production and alters lymphopoiesis and intestinal cell differentiation. J Biol Chem, 2004, 279(13): 12876-12882. | |
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| Cas No. | 209984-57-6 | SDF | Download SDF |
| Synonyms | N/A | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetyl]amino]-N-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-7H-benzo[d][1]benzazepin-7-yl]propanamide | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C(=O)NC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C1=O)C)NC(=O)C(C4=CC(=CC(=C4)F)F)O | ||
| Formula | C26H23F2N3O4 | M.Wt | 479.48 |
| Solubility | ≥23.85 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥98.4 mg/mL in EtOH with ultrasonic, <2.54 mg/ml="" in="" h2o=""> | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Physical Appearance | A solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
LY-411575 is a potent inhibitor of γ-secretase with IC50 value of 0.078 nM in membrane assay.[1]γ-Secertase is one of intramenbrane-cleaving aspartyl protease which cleaves many type-I membrane proteins and many of them have important biological functions. γ-Secretase is a multi-subunit protease and it contains presenilin, nicastrin, APH-1(Anterior Pharynx- defective 1) and PEN-2. Presenilin contains Asp258 and Asp385 embedded in the sixth and seventh transmembrane domain and forms the active site. The feature of being a membrane integrated protease complex makes it difficult to be purified as well as studying its mechanism.γ-secretase is responsible for the generation Aβfrom the amyloid precursor protein.γ-Secertase has been considered as an important drug target for Alzheimer"s disease.γ-Secertase also is responsible for Notch processing which is related to cancer such as leukemia.[2]LY-411,575 significantly inhibits theγ-secretase activity in vitro. LY-411,575 inhibits the production of Aβproduction with IC50 value of 0.078 nM in membrane-assay and 0.082 nM in cell-basedγ-secretase assays, respectively. LY-411,575 also affects the Notch pathway by inhibiting Notch S3 cleavage with IC50 value of 0.39 nM.[1] LY-411,575 treatment also significantly inhibited the Notch pathway by inhibiting the γ-secretase activity luciferase activity in primary KS cells. LY-411,575 also induced the apoptosis though Notch pathway inhibition in primary and immortalized Kaposi"s sarcoma (KS) tumor cells.[2]LY-411,575 decreases the levels of brain and plasma Aβ40 and -42 at 10 mg/kg oral doses.[1] LY-411,575 also decreases cortical Aβ40 levels in transgenic CRND8 mice with ED50 ≈ 0.6 mg/kg. LY-411,575 also induced significantly intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia and thymus atrophy by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway at higher doses in vivo.[3]References: 1.Wong GT, Manfra D, Poulet FM, Zhang Q, Josien H, Bara T, Engstrom L, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Fine JS, Lee HJ et al: Chronic treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor LY-411,575 inhibits beta-amyloid peptide production and alters lymphopoiesis and intestinal cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2004, 279(13):12876-12882.2.Curry CL, Reed LL, Golde TE, Miele L, Nickoloff BJ, Foreman KE: Gamma secretase inhibitor blocks Notch activation and induces apoptosis in Kaposi"s sarcoma tumor cells. Oncogene 2005, 24(42):6333-6344.3.Hyde LA, McHugh NA, Chen J, Zhang Q, Manfra D, Nomeir AA, Josien H, Bara T, Clader JW, Zhang L et al: Studies to investigate the in vivo therapeutic window of the gamma-secretase inhibitor N2-[(2S)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoyl]-N1-[(7S)-5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-di hydro-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7-yl]-L-alaninamide (LY411,575) in the CRND8 mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006, 319(3):1133-1143.
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一般说来，应选用口碑较好的经过大量客户实验验证的荧光定量PCR试剂盒，因为只有选对了试剂盒才能够做成漂亮的实验结果来，特别是对于一些珍贵的样品更不能因为节约一些蝇头小利而糟蹋了样品本身。OneShineSybrGreenpreMix试剂盒在研发之初就考虑到了一般科研环境中方方面面的影响，例如我们就光照强度、光照时间对本产品的影响做了严苛的实验论证，得到1ml本产品盛装于1.5ml离心管中放置在2000Lux光照强度下可以保存12h，超过12h产品性能则会下降。
OneShineSybrGreenpreMix这款试剂盒除了价格适中外，还主要有以下优点：
1、适用于RealTimePCR反应，可以快速、准确地对目的基因进行定量检测。
2、在2×OneShineSybrGreenpreMix中，预先混有SybrGreen，PCR体系配制时只需入模板、引物、ddH2O即可，操作方便快捷。
3、含有更耐高温并持续稳定的DNAPolymerase，可以维持更多的循环数，提供了选择循环数更大的空间。更大的Ct值选择范围就意味着可以支持微量目的基因检测，检测范围fM-nM。
4、反应的Buffer更适合，使反应的基线更水平，无荧光污染信号。使线性期更陡峭，避免了Ct值的无效浮动。使平台期更平直。也确保了引物与模板能够更特异地结合。
5、SybrGreen更耐高温更足量，确保只要扩增反应在进行，目的DNA双链在增加，就有线性强度的荧光产生。
6、dNTPs更足量，确保反应有更高的平台期荧光信号。
7、Mg2+浓度更适合，确保线性期有爆发式的目的DNA片段合成，提高了线性期反应体系的扩增系数和线性期的长度。
8、更高的仪器适配性，SybrGreen染料可以被各大主流仪器的激发光所激发，产生明亮的荧光信号，有利于仪器对信号的捕捉和处理。
我们的产品与市面上目前常见的一种产品相比较有如下区别：
A公司的产品没有熔解温度，或者熔解温度太高。但是A公司的产品Ct值出现略早，这是因为A公司使用了一种小分子量的DNA聚合酶，这种酶与模板和引物的结合较快和较松散，但是扩增的效率和扩增的特异性就不能保证了，类似于温水煮青蛙不温不火的；这种酶还有一个弱点就是不耐冻融。我们使用的是Taq酶，是一种分子量较大的DNA聚合酶，这种酶与模板和引物结合比较慢，但是慢工出细活，这种酶的特异性较好，一旦激活便呈现爆发式的扩增，类似于不鸣则已一鸣惊人。我们产品熔解温度是A公司不可比拟的，线性范围和斜率也是A公司不可比拟的。详见下图：
标准品的荧光强度和已知的浓度作图，可以得到一条标准曲线。而待测样本的荧光强度测出以后，就可以在标准曲线上算出样本浓度了。
一般有ROX Reference Dye和ROX Reference Dye II两种,针对不同的PCR仪.一般ABI PRISM 7000/7700/7900HT和7300 Real-Time PCR System使用ROX Reference Dye,而7500 Real-Time PCR System和7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System使用ROX Reference Dye II.其它牌子如Thermal Cycler Dice Real Time System、LightCycler 等Real Time PCR扩增仪时不必使用.
在另外的一组管子中，加入已知拷贝数的DNA同时扩增，每个管子中加入的数量是不同的，但是从最小数目到最大数目的这个范围涵盖了样本中DNA拷贝数。
PCR反应完成后，把已知拷贝数DNA的量和PCR荧光Ct值制成标准曲线，再把待测样本的CT值和该标准曲线比对，就可以得到样本中的起始拷贝数了
检测指标是：各样品的目的基因和管家基因分别进行Realtime PCR反应。PCR产物与 DNA Ladder在2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳，GoldView染色，检测PCR产物是否为单一特异性扩增条带。
原理：
PCR扩增时在加入一对引物的同时加入一个特异性的荧光探针，该探针为一寡核苷酸，两端分别标记一个报告荧光基团和一个淬灭荧光基团。探针完整时，报告基团发射的荧光信号被淬灭基团吸收；刚开始时, 探针结合在DNA任意一条单链上;PCR扩增时，Taq酶的5’端－3’端外切酶活性将探针酶切降解，使报告荧光基团和淬灭荧光基团分离，从而荧光监测系统可接收到荧光信号，即每扩增一条DNA链，就有一个荧光分子形成，实现了荧光信号的累积与PCR产物形成完全同步。
组织用Trizol法提取总RNA浓度、纯度都很好，但逆转录后跑PCR，CT值偏高，内参的在22-27之间，目的基因在30-36之间，不知道是怎么回事，如何来解决，求高手赐教。我用的Takara的试剂盒。
1.模板提取（一般为RNA）：Trizol、氯仿、异丙醇、无水乙醇、DEPC处理水
2.模板浓度测定：分光光度计或NanoDrop
3.逆转录：逆转录试剂盒（或者一步法试剂盒），这一步可以用普通PCR做，也可以用水域做。
4.荧光定量PCR试剂：通常有用SYBR Green Mix做的，但是这里建议你用EvaGreen做，灵敏度和平行性都要好于SYBR Green，并且如果你那是ABI或者Stratagene的PCR如果用SYBR Green还需要加一步Rox很麻烦。
5.其他：除了以上的那些还需要离心管、PCR管或板（Axygen反应比较好）、移液枪等，暂时就想到这么多。
Real time PCR(也称实时定量PCR)
定量PCR已经从基于凝胶的低通量分析发展到高通量的荧光分析技术，即实时定量PCR。实时荧光定量PCR技术于1996年由美国Applied Biosystems公司推出，由于该技术不仅实现了PCR从定性到定量的飞跃，而且与常规PCR相比，它具有特异性更强、有效解决PCR污染问题、自动化程度高等特点。实时定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR)是指在PCR指数扩增期间通过连续监测荧光信号强弱的变化来即时测定特异性产物的量，并据此推断目的基因的初始量，不需要取出PCR产物进行分离。目前实时定量PCR作为一个极有效的实验方法，已被广泛地应用于分子生物学研究的各个领域。
实时荧光定量PCR 技术的主要应用：
1. DNA 或RNA 的绝对定量分析：包括病原微生物或病毒含量的检测,转基因动植物转基因拷贝数的检测，RNAi 基因失活率的检测等
2. 基因表达差异分析：例如比较经过不同处理样本之间特定基因的表达差异(如药物处理、物理处理、化学处理等 )，特定基因在不同时相的表达差异以及cDNA 芯片或差显结果的确证
3. 基因分型：例如SNP 检测，甲基化检测等
Realtime PCR 常用的两种方法分别为：Sybr green（荧光染料掺入法） 和Taqman probe （探针法）
SYBR green
在PCR反应体系中，加入过量SYBR荧光染料，SYBR荧光染料特异性地掺入DNA双链后，发射荧光信号，而不掺入链中的SYBR染料分子不会发射任何荧光信号，从而保证荧光信号的增加与PCR产物的增加完全同步。
此方法适用：
1、灵敏度高：使用SYBR可使荧光效果增强到1000倍以上
2、通用性好,不需要设计探针,方法简便,省时,价格低廉。
3、通用型方法，在国内外科研中普遍使用。
4、高通量大规模的定量PCR检测
5、专一性要求不高的定量PCR检测。
Taqman Probe
PCR扩增时在加入一对引物的同时加入一个特异性的荧光探针，该探针为一寡核苷酸，两端分别标记一个报告荧光基团和一个淬灭荧光基团。探针完整时，报告基团发射的荧光信号被淬灭基团吸收；PCR扩增时，Taq酶的5’-3’外切酶活性将探针酶切降解，使报告荧光基团和淬灭荧光基团分离，从而荧光监测系统可接收到荧光信号，即每扩增一条DNA链，就有一个荧光分子形成，实现了荧光信号的累积与PCR产物形成完全同步
此方法适用：
1、具有高适应性和可靠性，实验结果稳定重复性好，特异性更高。
2、适用于扩增序列专一的体系的检测。
3、样品中靶基因含量过低的定量PCR检测。
4、靶基因的特异序列较短，无论怎样优化引物设计条件都不能解决。
5、存在与靶基因同源的序列，在PCR中容易出现非特异性扩增，对特异性要求较高的定量。
6、广泛用于人类传染病的诊断和病原定量,在动物病原体基因的检测,畜禽产品的检验检疫,生物制品的鉴定。
请教园友：
一般做mRNA表达的时候，需要注意提取的RNA中是否有DNA污染，或者通过设计跨内含子的引物来解决。那么，检测MmiRNA的时候，需要注意RNA中DNA污染的问题么？
