
- SynonymENPP-2,E-NPP 2,Autotaxin,LysoPLD,ATX,PDNP2,ATX-X,NPP2,PD-IALPHA
- SourceHuman ENPP-2, His Tag (EN2-H5241) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Asp 49 - Ile 863 (Accession # NP_001035181).Predicted N-terminus: HisRequest for sequence
- Molecular Characterization
This protein carries a polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus.
The protein has a calculated MW of 94.5 kDa. The protein migrates as 90-100 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE).
- EndotoxinLess than 1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.
- Purity
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
- Reconstitution
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
- Storage
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
- -20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
- -70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Human ENPP-2, His Tag on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
Measured by its ability to cleave Bis (p-Nitrophenyl) Phosphate (BPNPP). The specific activity is >8,000 pmol/min/μg, as measured under the described conditions (QC tested).
- BackgroundAutotaxin also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase / phosphodiesterase family member 2 (E-NPP 2 or ENPP2), Extracellular lysophospholipase D (LysoPLD), Autotaxin (ATX or ATX-X), which belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase / phosphodiesterase family. ENPP2 contains two SMB (somatomedin-B) domains. ENPP2 hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. ENPP2 can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. ENPP2 stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
- References
Please contact us via TechSupport@acrobiosystems.com if you have any question on this product.
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不加磷酸化抑制剂也可以做磷酸化蛋白WB,但是有可能会影响具体的实验结果,大部分时候不加磷酸化抑制剂也能得到结果的。
需要注意蛋白的磷酸化是一个非常迅速的反应,所以取样品的过程要迅速,样品要新鲜。
所以做磷酸化蛋白WB,提取蛋白时不加磷酸酶抑制剂会有影响
酶抑制剂新药发现的途径:一是来源于天然化合物,包括动植物和各种微生物等,二是化学合成物。在目前上市的药物中,以受体为作用靶点的药物占52%,以酶为靶点的药物占22%,以离子通道为靶点的药物占6%,以核酸为靶点的药物占3%。因此,酶抑制剂的开发是新药来源的一个主要途径。以酶为靶点开发新药存在巨大潜力,今后很长一段时间仍然是发现新药的重要着手点。
Author:Shih IeM, Wang TL.
Resource:Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 1;67(5):1879-82.
Impact Factor:8.0(2005)
Abstract:The Notch signaling pathway represents a critical component in the molecular circuits that control cell fate during development. Aberrant activation of this pathway contributes to tumorigenesis. The role of Notch in human cancer has been highlighted recently by the presence of activating mutations and amplification of Notch genes in human cancer and by the demonstration that genes in the Notch signaling pathway could be potential therapeutic targets. It has become clear that one of the major therapeutic targets in the Notch pathway are the Notch receptors, in which gamma-secretase inhibitors prevent the generation of the oncogenic (intracellular) domain of Notch molecules and suppress the Notch activity. This review article summarizes the biological roles of Notch molecules in cancer development with special emphasis on the promise and challenges in applying gamma-secretase inhibitors as a new line of targeted therapeutic agents.
PMID: 17332312
A9 B12 C17 D36
正确答案C
一次氧化的产物不是乙酰COA么,那么产生的ATP为什么不是十个
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Exercisedampensaromataseinhibitor–relatedjointpain
http://www.internalmedicinenews.com/specialty-focus/oncology-hematology/single-article-page/exercise-dampens-aromatase-inhibitor-related-joint-pain/33383ff19a0cd42399a7cf8590708ebf.html
SANANTONIO–Adoptingastandardexerciseprogramresultedinaclinicallymeaningful30%reductioninaromataseinhibitor-associatedjointpaininbreastcancerpatientswhoparticipatedinayear-longrandomizedtrial.
TheexerciseprescriptionutilizedintheHOPE(HormonesandPhysicalExercise)trialwaswhat’srecommendedinnationalguidelinesbothforcancersurvivorsandhealthyadults:150minutesperweekofatleastmoderate-intensityaerobicactivity,suchasbriskwalking,alongwithtwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek,MelindaL.Irwin,Ph.D.,explainedattheSanAntonioBreastCancerSymposium.
TheHOPEstudiesenrolled121postmenopausalwomenwhohadstage1-3,hormonereceptor–positivebreastcancersandwerephysicallyinactiveandoverweightyetphysicallyabletoexercise.Atenrollment,theywereexperiencingmoderatearomataseinhibitor(AI)–associatedjointpain,definedasascoreof5-7onthe0-10BriefPainInventory(BPI),afterabout18monthsonthemedication.Roughlytwo-thirdsofparticipantshadnohistoryofjointpainpriortostartingAItherapy;therestreportedtheAIexacerbatedtheirpreexistingjointpain.Subjectswererandomizedtotheexerciseprogramortousualcare,whichincludedwritteninformationabouttheimportanceofexercise.
Theprimarystudyendpointwasthe12-monthchangeinBPIworstpainscore,whichdroppedbyanaverageof30%amongtheexercisegroup.Thistranslatedtoanimprovementinpainlevelfrommoderateatbaselinetomildatfollow-up.Inaddition,BPIscoresratingpainseverityandpaininterferenceimprovedbyabout20%.Incontrast,patientsintheusualcarecontrolgroupexperiencedaslightincreaseinBPIscoresinallthreedomainsovertime,addedDr.Irwin,co-leaderofthecancerpreventionandcontrolresearchprogramatYaleUniversityCancerCenter,NewHaven,Conn.
TheHOPEresultsreceivedanenthusiasticaudiencereception.Physicianswereparticularlyimpressedwiththe70%exerciseadherencerateoverthecourseofayear.Theyaskedhowtheycankeeptheirpreviouslysedentarypatients’commitmenttoregularexercisefromwaningafteraninitialburstofenthusiasm,assooftenhappens.
Dr.Irwinrepliedthatadherencetolifestylechangeisalwaysachallenge.Socialsupportisquitehelpful.TheexercisegroupinHOPEreceivedapaidgymmembershipandmetinsmallgroupswithapersonaltrainertwiceweekly.
"Thewomenreallybondedwitheachother.Andtherearenowagrowingnumberoffreeprogramsthroughoutthecountry,whichgivecancersurvivorsastartonanexerciseprogramwithafreegymmembershipforseveralmonths.Forexample,theLivestrongFoundationhaspartneredwiththeYMCAtoofferfreeexerciseprogramsforcancersurvivorsatlocalYs,"shesaid.
TheHOPEtrialwasfundedbytheNationalCancerInstitute.Dr.Irwinreportedhavingnofinancialconflictsofinterest.
Thisdegreeofimprovementinjointpainisgreaterthanreportedinstudiesofglucosamine,acupuncture,orvitaminDsupplementation,shenoted.
Theimprovementinpainscoresintheexercisegroupwasgreaterat12monthsthanat3or6,suggestingthatayear-longexerciseprogramisprobablynecessarytoseesustainedreductioninjointpain.
At12monthsoffollow-up,womenintheexercisegroupaveraged159minutesofphysicalactivityperweek,110minutesmorethancontrols.Compliancewiththesupervisedexerciseprogramwasnotablygood,withwomenattendinganaverageof70%ofthetwice-weeklysmall-groupstrength-trainingsessions.
InadditiontotheimprovementinAI-relatedarthralgias,theexercisegroupexperiencedancillarybenefits:amean6.5%improvementinpeakoxygenconsumption,orVO2max,comparedwithbaseline,alongwitha3%reductioninbodyweight.
HOPEwasthefirstrandomizedtrialtoexaminetheeffectsofexerciseonAIsideeffectsinbreastcancerpatients.TheimpetusforthestudywastherecognitionthatarthralgiasarethemostcommonreasonforpooradherencetoanddiscontinuationofAItherapy.Upto20%ofbreastcancerpatientsdiscontinuetheirAIwithinthefirstyear.Andbothearlydiscontinuationandpooradherencehavebeenshowntobepredictiveofincreasedmortalityrisk.

