
Overview:
SMAD4 is a member of the SMAD family and mediates signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily and related ligands (1). TGFB stimulation leads to phosphorylation and activation of SMAD1, SMAD2 and SMAD3, which form complexes with SMAD4 that accumulate in the nucleus and regulate transcription of target genes. SMAD signaling is negatively regulated by inhibitory SMADs and ubiquitin-mediated processes and proteasomal degradation of SMADs depend on the direct interaction of specific E3 ligases with SMADs. SMAD4 is targeted for degradation by multiple ubiquitin ligases that can simultaneously act on R-SMADs and signaling receptors. Such mechanisms of down-regulation of TGFB signaling via degradation of SMADs may be critical for proper physiological response to this pathway (2).
Gene Aliases:
JIP, DPC4, MADH4
Genbank Number:
NM_005359
References:
1. Heldin, C.H. et al: TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins". Nature, 1997, 390 (6659): 465-71.2. Attisano, L. et al: Mads and Smads in TGF beta signalling". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1998; 10 (2): 188-94.
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提RNA一般注意:提取前材料的保存(新鲜材料,过夜处理的样品),提取中对外源性的RNA酶的清除控制(离心管,PCR管,电泳槽,台面等的无RNA酶化处理),提取后需要-80度保存.其次跑电泳时,注意电泳液最好用新鲜的,核酸染料等诸多因素.
细菌总RNA提取试剂盒( germs islation kit).
对于外源性RNA酶的控制外源RNA酶清除剂,避免使用致癌物DEPC的危险方法就可简单操作清除耗材,台面,仪器等的外源RNA酶的降解作用.
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