EnzyFluo™ NAD/NADH Assay Kit
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Application
- For sensitive determination of NAD and NADH and evaluation of drug effects on NAD/NADH metabolism. Direct NAD/NADH Assays in 96-Well PlateNEW!!!
Key Features
- Sensitive and accurate. Detection limit of 0.02 μM and linearity up to 1 μM NAD+/NADH in 96-well plate assay.
- Convenient. The procedure involves adding a single working reagent, and reading the fluorescence at time zero and 10 min.
- High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-well plate assay for thousands of samples per day.
Method
- F530/585nm
Samples
- Cell, tissue extracts etc Direct NAD/NADH Assays in 96-Well PlateNEW!!!
Species
- All
Size
- 100 tests
Detection Limit
- 0.02 μM
Shelf Life
- 6 months
More Details
- Pyridine nucleotides play an important role in metabolism and, thus, there is continual interest in monitoring their concentration levels. Quantitative determination of NAD+/NADH has applications in research pertaining to energy transformation and redox state of cells or tissue. BioAssay Systems EnzyFluo™ NAD+/NADH assay kit is based on a lactate dehydrogenase cycling reaction, in which the formed NADH reduces a probe into a highly fluorescent product. The fluorescence intensity of this product, measured at λex/em = 530/585 nm, is proportional to the NAD+/NADH concentration in the sample. This assay is highly specific for NAD+/NADH with minimal interference (<1%) by="">1%)>+/NADPH and is a convenient method to measure NAD, NADH and their ratio. Direct NAD/NADH Assays in 96-Well PlateNEW!!!
Can I determine NAD/NADH directly in 96-well plates?
Yes, NAD/NADH can be determined directly in 96-well plate. Please see our optimized protocolDirect NAD/NADH Assays in 96-Well PlateWhen tissue is used, should it be freshly obtained? Or is -80°C storage ok?
If direct sample processing is not possible, we recommend snap freezing tissue samples in liquid nitrogen and keeping them either in liquid nitrogen or at -80°C until further processing.I have conducted protocols that involve trypsinizing cells, washing with PBS, pelleting, and then applying extraction buffer. My concern with this method is that PBS is known to cause mitochondrial fragmentation very soon after application to cells. Obviously, the functionality of the mitochondria is very important for NADH/NAD levels. I developed an alternative by keeping my cells adhered to the plate, washing once with pbs, applying heated extraction buffer to the cells directly and then scraping cells off. Do you have any thoughts or experience that would indicate whether one method is better than the other?
The second method is better because the first method may cause mitochondrial fragmentation and thus may alter intracellular NAD/NADH concentrations. The second method involves less pretreatment. Adding the heated extraction buffer terminates the metabolic reactions in the cells and is thus much less likely to alter the intracellular NAD/NADH concentrations.I have also done many experiments with different numbers of cells. What I notice is that there seems to be a sigmoidal relationship between the number of cells and the NAD and NADH concentrations. I am using C2C12 and H9C2 cells. Do you have any experience with these cells at different seeding densities? Also, do you consistently see a relationship between number of cells NAD(H) concentrations? Is this relationship linear, exponential, sigmoidal?
We have not done these experiments. Your results are very interesting, and not unexpected. In general, cells are healthy at certain densities. When cells lack contacts for a healthy environment at low density, they are likely to produce less NAD/NADH, and if too dense, the cells become less active and thus would reach a plateau in NAD/NADH concentrations.For more detailed product information and questions, please feel free to Contact Us. Or for more general information regarding our assays, please refer to our General Questions.ebiomall.com
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本是小菜鸟,目前研究某个比较新的蛋白对内质网应激的影响,需要抑制这个蛋白的表达看下游信号的表达情况,但是无论如何夜找不到抑制剂,做RNA干扰的话经费就超出预算了!急求各位大神,帮忙出个解决方案吧!非常感谢!
将EntransterTM-invivo与AmbioninvivosiRNA(作用于凝血因子VII)和阴性siRNA通过尾静脉注射成年小鼠,2天后,取动物肝脏检测。在mRNA水平和蛋白水平观察干扰效果。见上图,图中最左侧组为对照组注射阴性siRNA为3mg/kg,后边3组为每kg动物注射阳性siRNA量分别为1mg/kg,2mg/kg和3mg/kg情况。
根据推荐用量注射EntransterTM-invivo和siRNA(作用于LaminA/C)和阴性siRNA到成年小鼠。注射后2天收集相应的组织,分离RNA,用qRT-PCR分析LaminA/C基因的表达水平。图4为尾静脉结果,图5为各器官分别局部注射结果。
英格恩生物体内转染试剂,3天可完成动物体内转染实验,让动物干扰,基因敲除实验变得简单、快速有效!
简单来说,Off-target效应就是指干扰shRNA序列进入了microRNA途径,通过microRNA途径,其可以不受完全互补的限制而调控大量靶基因的表达。原本需要19~23nt的RNA序列完全互补才能发生干扰作用,而如果进入microRNA途径,只需要11~15nt互补就可以产生干扰效果,这使得siRNA可能与非靶基因结合而导致非靶基因沉默,造成脱靶。 如果脱靶干扰的部分基因,正好与目的基因位于同一信号通路中,或者与目的基因的生物学功能相似,那么,如果因脱靶而干扰了其它基因,亦会造成和目的基因受到干扰后相同的细胞表型改变。而实际上,可能选择的这条shRNA序列并没有对目的基因造成有效干扰,或者虽然干扰了目的基因,但是并不会引起预期的细胞表型改变。
基于以上原因,自从Off-target效应被发现并被研究者们广泛认同后,越来越多的杂志要求研究者们在投稿时需要有相应的对照来说明Off-target效应。即您需要有相关对照或者实验来说明,您所获得的实验结果,不是由于Off-target效应而产生的。向左转|向右转

