Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia, reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling, cell rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult.
To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia [1,2]. Studies on myocardial [1,3,4], liver [5-8], retina [9] and wound healing [10-12] ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events.
The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver [6,7,13].
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用Mabteck公司的ALP标记抗体吧，配合Millipore公司的Multiscreen-IP96孔板，所有的试剂都可以减半，照样可以出非常好的结果，4*96孔的试剂盒我一直做8*96孔，但BCIP/NBT显色液没试过减半，因为它很便宜。记得当年第一次做实验就出了很好的结果，经过不断摸索，做出的蓝紫色斑点确实非常漂亮，几乎没有非特异斑点，嗯，ELISPOT是我最拿手的实验之一。
关于PBMC:
拿到血液标本后，首先我要做的是尽快分离PBMC（一般2h内），国产的分离液里天津灏洋的比较好，然后用冻存液冻存PBMC。PBMC的冻存过程比一般的细胞株要更为严格，最好用冻存器。ELISPOT试验的第一天，在包被抗体的同时，将细胞复苏，完全培养液培养过夜，第二天收集细胞并计数即可。
尤其是获得SCI文献引用的产品，
绝对ok的
请问一般的实验室可以进行ELIspot吗？（我可以买到现成的试剂盒，资金这个应该没有问题。）ELIspot的难点在哪里？多谢大虾们的指点！这个对我很重要，多谢！！！
