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  • Overview
  • TechnicalData
  • Properties
  • Applications
  • Pricing
  • Literature

CaesiumLeadperovskiteQuantumdotsofchloride/bromide(450nm,blue),bromide(515nm,green)andiodide(685nm,red)arenowavailable.

Perovskitequantumdotsaresemiconductingnanocrystals.Comparedtometalchalcogenidequantumdots,perovskitequantumdotsaremoretoleranttodefectsandhaveexcellentphotoluminescencequantumyieldsandhighcolourpurity.ThesepropertiesarehighlydesirableforelectronicandoptoelectronicapplicationsandhenceperovskitequantumdotshavehugepotentialforrealworldapplicationsincludingLEDdisplaysandquantumdotsolarcells.

ossilasupplieshighquality,lowpriceperovskitequantumdotsfrom£200.00.

Full spectrum perovskite quantum dots
Fullspectrumrangeofperovskitequantumdotscomingsoon

Whatisaquantumdot?

Aquantumdot(QD),orsemiconductingnanocrystal(NC),isasinglecrystalofasemiconductingmaterialmeasuringonlyafewnanometresindiameter.Whenexcited,thesmallsizeofthecrystalactsa‘quantumbox’andconfineselectronsandholesinanvolumesmallerthanthecorrespondingexcitonBohrrADIus.Thesmallerthedot,thegreatertheconfinementenergyandthehighertheenergyofphotonsthatareabsorbedoremitted.

Themostwell-studiedquantumdotsaremetalchalcogenidequantumdotsbasedonsemiconductorssuchascadmiumselenide,indiumphosphideorLead(II)sulfide.ThebandgapofsuchquantumdotscanbetunedthroughouttheentirevisIBLespectrumsimplybychangingtheirsizeduringchemicalsynthesis.

Forthehighestphotoluminescencequantumyields(PLQYs),acore/shellstructureisusuallyrequired.Inthisarrangement,asecondsemiconductorisusedtoencapsulatethenanocrystal(e.g.CdSe/CdS,InP/ZnS).Thismaterialpassivatessurfacedefectsoftheemissivecorewhichwouldotherwiseactasnon-radiativerecombinationsitesforexcitons.

DuetotheirhighPLQY,relativeeaseoffabricationandwideemission-colourtunABIlity,quantumdotshavingthistypeofstructureareespeciallysuitableforapplicationindisplayandimagingtechnologies-andarealreadyappearingincommercialproductssuchastelevisions.

Perovskite Quantum Dot Photoluminescence Spectra
Thephotoluminescenceemissionwavelengthcanbetunedbyvaryingtheratioofhalidespresentwithinthequantumdot.Bycarefulselectiontheemissioncanbevariedfrom400nmto700nm.

Whatisaperovskitequantumdot?

Anewclassofquantumdotisemergingbasedonperovskites.ThesehavealreadybeenshowntohavepropertiesrivallingorexceedingthoseofmetalchalcogenideQDs.

Duetotheiroutstandingphotovoltaicperformance,perovskitesarereceivingsignificantattentionfromtheresearchcommunity.Recently,hasbeenshownthatreducingthedimensionsofaperovskitecrystaldowntoafewnanometresresultsinthecreationofquantumdotswithveryhighphotoluminescencequantumyieldsandexcellentcolourpurity(i.e.narrowemissionlinewidthsof~10nmforblueemittersand40nmforredemitters[1]).

Thesequantumdotsarehighlytoleranttodefects,astheyrequirenopassivationofthesurfacetoretaintheirhighPLQY.Althoughdefectandtrapsitesarepresent,theirenergiesarepositionedoutsidethebandgapandareeitherlocatedwithintheconductionorvalencebands[2].SuchperovskitenanocrystalsaresimpletosynthesiseinacolloidalsUSPensionandareeasilyintegratedintooptoelectronicdevicesusingreadilyavailableprocessingtechniques,makingthemastrongcontenderforfuturetechnologies.

Size,Properties,andStructure

  • 99%puritywithPhotoluminescenceQuantumYieldof60–70%
  • EmissionPeakat515nmandEmissionLinewidth(FWHM)of21nm
  • Cubiccrystalstructurewithtypicalsize4-15nm

Formoreinformation,pleaseseethepropertiestab.

PerovskiteQuantumDotApplications

Perovskitequantumdotsarecurrentlylesswellresearchedthanothertypesofquantumdot.However,theyhaveshowngreat potentialforarangeofdifferentapplicationsinoptoelectronicsandnanotechnology.Forexample, perovskitequantumdotshavebeenusedtocreatesolarcellshavingpowerconversionefficienciesthatexceedthatofcomparabledevicesbasedonmoreconventionalsemiconductornanocrystalmaterials.

Potentialapplicationsforperovskitequantumdotsinclude:

  • LightEmittingDiodes
  • SolarCells
  • SinglePhotonSources
  • X-RayDetectors
  • Lasers
  • Photodetectors
  • QuantumComputing
  • Cellimaging
  • Cancermapping

Formoreinformation,pleaseseetheapplicationstab.

TechnicalData

CsPbBr3PerovskiteQuantumDots

CASnumber15243-48-8
ChemicalformulaCsPbBr3
Molecularweight579.82 g/mol
FullnameCaesiumleadtribromidequantumdots
SynonymsCaesiumleadbromidequantumdots
Classification/FamilyPerovskitequantumdots, Perovskitenanocrystalsolutions, Cadmium-freequantumdots,Quantumdotsolutions,Greenemitter,QuantumdotLEDs(QDLEDs),PerovskiteLEDs(PeLEDs),Perovskitesolarcells(PvSCs)
Purity99%
AppearanceYellowLiquid
EmissionPeak515nm
EmissionLinewidth(FWHM)21nm
PhotoluminescenceQuantumYield60-70%

CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 PerovskiteQuantumDots

CASnumberNotavailable
ChemicalformulaCsPbCl1.5Br1.5
Molecularweight513.14 g/mol
FullnameCaesiumleadchloridebromidequantumdots
SynonymsCaesiumlead chloridebromidequantumdots
Classification/FamilyPerovskitequantumdots, Perovskitenanocrystalsolutions, Cadmium-freequantumdots,Quantumdotsolutions,Greenemitter,QuantumdotLEDs(QDLEDs),PerovskiteLEDs(PeLEDs),Perovskitesolarcells(PvSCs)
Purity99%
AppearanceClear Liquid
EmissionPeak450nm
EmissionLinewidth(FWHM)20nm
PhotoluminescenceQuantumYield30-40%

CsPbI3 PerovskiteQuantumDots

CASnumber18041-25-3
ChemicalformulaCsPbI3
Molecularweight720.82 g/mol
FullnameCaesiumleadtriiodide quantumdots
SynonymsCaesiumlead iodide quantumdots
Classification/FamilyPerovskitequantumdots, Perovskitenanocrystalsolutions, Cadmium-freequantumdots,Quantumdotsolutions,Greenemitter,QuantumdotLEDs(QDLEDs),PerovskiteLEDs(PeLEDs),Perovskitesolarcells(PvSCs)
Purity99%
AppearanceDarkRed Liquid
EmissionPeak688nm
EmissionLinewidth(FWHM)39nm
PhotoluminescenceQuantumYield60-70%

PerovskiteQuantumDotSpectralData

CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Absorption SpectraCsPbBr3PerovskiteQuantumDotsAbsorptionSpectra

CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Photoluminescence SpectraCsPbBr3PerovskiteQuantumDotsPhotoluminescenceSpectra

 

CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 Perovskite Quantum Dots Photoluminescence SpectraCsPbCl1.5Br1.5 PerovskiteQuantumDotsPhotoluminescenceSpectra

CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Photoluminescence SpectraCsPbI3 PerovskiteQuantumDotsPhotoluminescenceSpectra

MSDS Documents

Toluene Dispersed CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots MSDSCsPbBr3PerovskiteQuantumDotsinToluene

Octane Dispersed CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots MSDSCsPbBr3PerovskiteQuantumDotsinOctane

PropertiesofPerovskiteQuantumDots

PerovskiteQuantumDot Structure

Halideperovskitenanocrystalshaveacubiccrystalstructure withthechemicalformula A+Pb2+X-3.Theycanbeclassedasanorganic-inorganichybrid,where A isanorganiccationsuchasmethylammonium(MA)orformamidinium(FA),orfullyinorganic(A=Cs),andwhere X isahalogen(Cl,BrorI).Duetothelackofvolatileorganics,fully-inorganic nanocrystals tendtohavebetterstabilityandhigherPLQY(>90%)thanhybridorganic-inorganicmaterials[3].Mixedhalideperovskitescanalsobeproducedwhere X isamixtureofCl/BrorBr/I.

Forvisibleoptoelectronicapplications,thenanocrystalsaregenerallysynthesisedtohaveasizeof4-15nm(dependentonthehalogenatomandtherequiredopticalproperties).Theemissionwavelengthcanbetunedthroughtheentirevisiblespectrum(400-700nm [4])bychangingeitherthenanocrystalsizeorhalideratio(formixedhalidesystems).

Perovskite quantum dot structure
Figure1:Leadhalideperovskitequantumdotshaveacubicstructureandareoftensynthesisedwithorganicligands.

PerovskiteQuantumDotSynthesis

Thefirsthybridorganic-inorganicperovskitequantumdotcolloidalsynthesisofMAPbBr3 wasreportedbySchmidtetal.usingahotinjectionmethod(similartothatusedtosynthesisemetalchalcogenideQDs [4]).Amixtureofmethylaminebromideandleadbromidewasinjectedintoanoctadecenesolutioncontainingoleicacidandalongchainalkylammoniumbromide.ThePLQYoftheresultingQDswas~20%,andwasstableforseveralmonthsduetothestabilisingandcappingeffectsoftheammoniumbromideandoleicacid.Byoptimisationofthereactantmolarratios,thePLQYwasincreasedtoover80% [5],andlaterto~100%bychangingthecappingligand [6].

 

 

 Perovskite quantum dot ink synthesis
Figure2:ThesynthesisofperovskitequantumdotsinvolvesinjectingCs-oleateintoaleadprecursor.

 

Hotinjectionwasagainusedforthecolloidalsynthesisofinorganicmetal-halideperovskitequantumdots,firstreportedbyProtesescuetal [1].Thatrecipedevelopedwasasfollows:

  1. ThecaesiumprecursorCs-oleateisfirstpreparedbymixingcaesiumcarbonate(Cs2CO3)andoleicacid(OA)inoctadecene(ODE),andheatingundernitrogenuntiltheCs2CO3 hasreactedwiththeOA.Thissolutionmustbekeptabove100°CtopreventprecipitationoftheCs-oleate.
  2. Aleadhalideprecursorispreparedbymixingaleadhalide(PbCl2,PbI2,PbBr2 oramixtureofthese)inODEat120°Cundernitrogen,alongwithOAandoleylamine(OLA)thatactasstabilisingagents.Oncetheleadhalidehasdissolved,thetemperatureisincreasedtobetween140-200°C(dependingontherequirednanocrystalsize).
  3. Thecaesiumprecursoristheninjected.After5seconds,themixtureisrapidlycooledinanicebath,withthequantumdotsbeingisolatedthroughcentrifuging.

TheresultingnanocrystalshavesurfaceligandscomprisedofOAandOLA [3].SuchnanocrystalswerefoundtohavePLQYsupto~90%,withthesmallestcrystals(4nmdiameter)havinganemissionlinewidth(fullwidthhalfmaximum)of12nmatanemissionwavelengthof410nm,withthelargestquantumdots(15nmdiameter)havingalinewidthof42nmat700nm.

 

Video by Ossila

Duringtheproductionprocessthereactionmixtureisquenchedbycoolinginanice-waterbath.

Mixed-halidePerovskiteQuantumDots

Anadvantagethatperovskitequantumdotshaveovertheirmetalchalcogenidecounterpartsisthesimplicitybywhichtheiremissionpropertiescanbemodified.Inadditiontotuningtheemissionwavelengthduringsynthesisthroughreactiontemperature(andultimately,nanocrystalsize),itcanalsobechangedpost-synthesisthroughananion-exchangereaction [7,8].Bymixingadonorhalidesourcesuchasoctadecylammonium(ODA-Y),chloro-oleyalmine-oleylammoniumchloride(OLAM-Y)ortetrabutylammonium(TBA-Y)halide(whereYisCl,BrorI)withasolutionofCsPbX3 nanocrystals,thechemicalcompositionofthenanocrystalscanbetunedcontinuouslyovertherangeCsPb(X1-Z:YZ),where0≤Z≤1.

 

Anion exchange in perovskite quantum dots
Apossiblemechanismforanionexchangeinperovskitequantumdots.

 

Anionexchangeisfollowedbylatticereconfiguration,givingamixedhalidestructure.Thisresultsinasingleemissionpeakatanenergysomewhereinbetweenthoseoftheconstituentnanocrystals,therebyretainingthenarrowlinewidthneededforcolorpurity.HoweverithasbeenfoundthatdirectconversionbetweenCsPbI3 andCsPbCl3 isnotpossiblebecauseofthelargemismatchinthesizeofthehalideions.

Ithasalsobeendemonstratedthatthisanionexchangeprocesscanbeeasilyaccomplishedbysimplymixingdifferentstocksolutionsofthenanocrystalconstituentsatdifferentvolumeratios(e.g.CsPbBr3 andCsPbI3 toobtainCsPb(Br1-Z:IZ)3 [7,9]).BothmethodsallowthenanocrystalemissiontobetunedovertheentirevisiblerangewhileretainingahighPLQYandcolorpurity.Theanionexchangeprocesscanhoweverbesuppressedbyaddingpolyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxane(POSS)tothesolution.Thiscreatesaprotectivecagearoundthenanocrystals,andallowsmixingofdifferenthalidecompositionswhileretainingthephotoluminescent propertiesoftheconstituentnanocrystals.Italsohastheaddedeffectofprotectingthenanocrystalsfromwater [10].

 

 Perovskite quantum dot ink
Figure3:ACsPbBrperovskitequantumdotinkundernormalIllumination(left)andultravioletillumination(right).

ApplicationsofPerovskiteQuantumDots

Perovskitequantumdotshavehugepotentialforarangeofapplicationsinelectronics,optoelectronicsandnanotechnology.Currently,thefieldisnotwellresearched,butinitialresultsareextremelypromising.Detailsonaselectionoftheapplicationsthathavebeeninvestigatedaregivenbelow.

QuantumDotSolarCells

Currently,reportsofperovskitequantumdotsolarcellsarestilllimited,especiallywhencomparedtobulkand2-dimensionalperovskites.Thisislikelyduetothelimitedtimethatsuchmaterialshavebeenavailable.However,recentresults suggestthatperovskitequantumdotscouldplayarolefuturephotovoltaicdevices.

Thefirstuseofperovskitequantumdotsinsolarcellswasin2011byImetal.,whereMaPbI3 nanocrystalsactedasalight-sensitiserinastructureresemblingadye-sensitisedsolarcell [16],withapowerconversionefficiencyof6.5%reported.Thisresultpredatedthesynthesisofcolloidalperovskitequantumdots,andthenanocrystalswereinsteadformedthroughsurfaceinteractionswhenamixtureofmethylammoniumiodideandleadiodidewasspincastontoaTiO2 surface.

Atroomtemperature,bulkCsPbI3 formsanorthorhombiccrystallatticewithalargebandgapof~2.8eV.Thecubicphaseisfarmoresuitableforphotovoltaicapplicationsasaresultofanarrowerbandgap(1.73eV).However,thisphaseonlyformsinbulkCsPbI3 attemperaturesabove300°C.Duetotheelevatedtemperatureandtheeffectofreducedsurfacearea,allCsPbX3 nanocrystalscrystalliseintothecubicphaseduringsynthesis.IncontrastCsPbCl3 andCsPbBr3 quantumdotsarephase-stableinthecubicpolymorphoverlongperiods,howeverCsPbI3 willconvertbacktoanorthorhombicconfigurationoverafewdaysinambientconditions.

Swarnkaretal.showedthattreatingspincastCsPbI3 quantumdotfilmswithmethylacetatestabilisesthecubicstructure [17].Thiswasachievedby changingthesurfaceenergy viatheremovalofunreactedprecursors-withoutcausingtheaggregationofthedots.Theresultingfilmwasstableformonthsunderambientconditions,andhadexcellentoptoelectronicproperties.Indeed,whenfabricatedintosolarcells,suchfilmsachievedaPCEofover10%andhadalargeopen-circuitvoltageof1.23V.FurThermore,LEDsincorporatingstabilisedCsPbI3 nanocrystalsastheactivelayerdisplayedalowturn-onvoltageof<2V.

Itwaslaterdemonstratedthatcoatingthenanocrystalsin A+X- (where A isformamidinium,methylammoniumorCs,and X isIorBr)furtherimprovescharge-carriermobilityofthenanocrystalfilms.ThisallowedsolarcellshavingaPCEof13.4%tobefabricated–thehighestefficiencyphotovoltaicsbasedonquantumdotsofanykind [18].Thisresultispromisingforthedevelopmentofperovskitetandemsolarcells;hereabulkperovskitefilmperformstheroleofthelowbandgapabsorber,withtheperovskitequantumdotlayeractingasacomplementarywidebandgapabsorber [19].

Light-EmittingDiodes(LEDs)

Metalchalcogenidequantumdotsalreadyplayaroleinconsumerdisplayproducts-sotheincreasedPLQY,easeofsynthesis,excellentcolourpurity,andwidecolourtunabilityofperovskitequantumdotssuggestthattheyshouldbewell-suitedtosuchapplications.However,chargeinjectionandtransportinnanocrystalfilmsmustbeoptimisedinordertoachievehigh-efficiencydevices.

FirstdevicesbySongetal.usedanITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/CsPbX3/TPBi/LiF/Alstructuretodemonstrateblue,green,andorangeLEDs [11].Whiletheemissionlinewidthswerenarrow,thebrightnessoftheLEDswasmodest(<1000cdm-2),andtheexternalquantumefficiencies(EQE)werelimitedto~0.1%.

Lietal.showedtheimportanceofnanocrystalsurfacechemistry;heretheEQEofCsPbBr3 nanocrystalLEDswasincreasedby50x(0.12%to6.27%)throughtheoptimisationofdevicecharge-transportlayersandsurfaceliganddensitycontrol(achievedthroughtheuseofawashingprocedureusinghexaneandethylacetate [3]).Whileligandsareneededtopassivatethequantumdotsurfaceandpreventaggregation(leadingtohighPLQYandgreaterstability),anexcessivedensityofsurfaceligandscaninhibitelectricalinjectionandtransport.Bytuningtheliganddensity,abrightnessof>15,000cdm-2 wasobtainedthatwasaccompaniedbyhighcolourpurity(20nmemissionlinewidthusing~8nmnanocrystals).

Oneproposalthatbypassestheelectricalpropertiesofnanocrystalfilmsistousethemasdown-convertersforinorganicblueorUVLEDs.Pathaketal.dissolvedhybridorganic-inorganicperovskitequantumdotsofvariousmixedhalidecompositions(emittinggreenorredluminescence)intoapolystyrenepolymersolutionwhichwasthenspincastintoathinfilm[12].Thepolystyrenepolymeractedasaninsulatingmatrixthatpreventedanionexchange,therebypreservingtheindividualemissionpeaksoftheconstituentnanocrystalsandallowingthegenerationofwhitelightwhenilluminatedwithacommercialblueLED.

Lasers

Amplifiedspontaneousemission(ASE)hasbeenobservedindropcastfilmsofCsPbBr3,andmixedCsPb(Br/I)3 andCsPb(Cl/Br)3 nanocrystals.Pumpthresholdscanbeaslowas5µJcm-2 [13];avaluethatcomparesveryfavourablywithothercolloidalQDsystems(e.g.anorderofmagnitudelowerthanspectrallysimilarCdSeQDs).TheASEemissionintensityis extremelystableinair,droppingbyonly10%afterseveralhoursofirradiationand~107 shotsinambientconditions.ThisperformancealsocomparesextremelywelltochalcogenideQDs [14]. Thestimulatedemissionhasbeenidentifiedasresultingfromtherecombinationofbiexcitons(whicharemorestableatroomtemperaturethanexcitons),withred-shiftedemissionleadingtoreducedself-absorption(andhencelowlasingthresholds).TheASEwavelength canalsobetunedthroughouttheentirevisiblespectrumviamixingthehalidecomposition.

Lasingwasobservedinawhisperinggallerymodeconfiguration.ItwaslatershownthatstimulatedemissioncouldbeobservedinCsPbBr3 nanocrystalfilmsfollowingtwo-photonabsorption [15].Here,itwasfoundthatthetwo-photonabsorptioncross-sectionwas2ordersofmagnitudelargerthanthatofsimilarmetalchalcogenidequantumdots,leadingtoastimulatedemissionthresholdofgreen-emittingCsPbBr3 nanocrystalsof2.5mJcm-2.Thisisfarlowerthancore-shellmetalchalcogenidequantumdots.Thisnon-linearstimulatedemissioncouldalsobetunedacrossthevisiblewavelengthsbyvaryingthemixedhalidecomposition.GreenstimulatedemissionfromCsPbBr3­ quantumdots(followingthree-photonabsorption)wasalsoobserved–afirstforanytypeofquantumdot.Forthisreason,perovskitequantumdotspresentanexcitingProspectforthedevelopmentofnext-generationlasers.

SinglePhotonSources

Singlephotonsourcesarerequiredfornewlight-basedquantuminformationsystems.Here,currenteffortsmainlyfocusontheuseofepitaxially-grownquantumdots,diamondcolourcentersandcolloidalnanocrystals.Ofthese,colloidalNCsarethemostpromisingforroom-temperaturevisibleoperation [20].

DiluteCsPbX3 (X=Br,IorBr/I)NCsolutionshavebeenspincasttocreatespatially-separatedindividualQDs [20,21].Imagingthe photoluminescence fromindividualNCsshowedtheblinkingbehaviour thatischaracteristicofsingleemitters.Photoncoincidencecountingrevealedlowg(2) valuesof~6%,demonstratingtherealisationofanefficient,anti-bunchedsinglephotonsourceatroomtemperature–allofwhicharedesirablecharacteristicsforemergentquantumtechnologies.

IncomparisonwithmetalchalcogenideQDs,metalhalideperovskiteQDsdisplayshorterfluorescencelifetimesandhigherabsorptioncoefficientsandarethereforefasterandmoreefficientsourcesofsinglephotons.

Photodetectors

ThehighabsorptioncoefficientofperovskiteQDsoverawidespectralrangemaymakethemsuitablecandidatesforuseinlight-detectiondevices.Panetal.havereportedthefabricationofaphototransistorbasedonFAPbBr3 quantumdotsandgraphene [22].TheQDswhichactasthelightabsorber,aredepositedontoamonolayerofgraphenethattransportsphotoexcitedchargestothesource/drain.Suchphototransistorshaveabroadresponsespanningthevisiblespectrum,althoughtheyhavereducedresponsetophotonshavingenergiesbelowthesemiconductorbandgap(540nm).Here,aphotoresponsivityof1.15×105 AW-1 wasobservedat520nm;avaluethatisamongstthehighestofanygraphene-basedphotodetectors.

PricingTable

PerovskiteSolventConcentrationVolumeProductCodePrice
CsPbBr3Toluene10mg.ml-15mlM2124A1£200.00
CsPbBr3Toluene10mg.ml-110mlM2124A1£350.00
CsPbBr3Toluene10mg.ml-125mlM2124A1£700.00
CsPbBr3Octane10mg.ml-15mlM2124B1£200.00
CsPbBr3Octane10mg.ml-110mlM2124B1£350.00
CsPbBr3Octane10mg.ml-125mlM2124B1£700.00

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Literature

References

  1. NanocrystalsofCesiumLeadHalidePerovskites(CsPbX3,X=Cl,Br,andI):NovelOptoelectronicMaterialsShowingBrightEmissionwithWideColorGamut,L.Protesescuetal.,NanoLett., 15 (6),3692–3696(2015)
  2. LeadHalidePerovskiteNanocrystalsintheResearchSpotlight:StabilityandDefectTolerance,Huangetal.,ACSEnergyLett.,2 (9),2071–2083(2017)
  3. 50‐FoldEQEImprovementupto6.27%ofSolution‐ProcessedAll‐InorganicPerovskiteCsPbBr3 QLEDsviaSurfaceLigandDensityControl,Lietal.,Adv.Mater.,29(5),1603885(2017)
  4. NontemplateSynthesisofCH3NH3PbBr3 PerovskiteNanoparticles,L.Schmidtetal.,Am.Chem.Soc.,136(3),850–853(2014)
  5. MaximizingtheemissivepropertiesofCH3NH3PbBr3 perovskitenanoparticles,S.Gonzalex-Carreroetal.,J.Mater.Chem.A,3,9187-9193(2015)
  6. TheLuminescenceofCH3NH3PbBr3 PerovskiteNanoparticlesCreststheSummitandTheirPhotostabilityunderWetConditionsisEnhanced,Gonzalex-Carreroetal.,Small,12(38),5245-5250(2016)
  7. FastAnion-ExchangeinHighlyLuminescentNanocrystalsofCesiumLeadHalidePerovskites(CsPbX3,X=Cl,Br,I),N.Nedelcuetal.,NanoLett., 15 (8),5635–5640(2015)
  8. TuningtheOpticalPropertiesofCesiumLeadHalidePerovskiteNanocrystalsbyAnionExchangeReactions,Akkermanetal.,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 137 (32),10276–10281(2015)
  9. Room-TemperatureConstructionofMixed-HalidePerovskiteQuantumDotswithHighPhotoluminescenceQuantumYield,C.Bietal.,J.Phys.Chem.C,122(9),5151–5160(2018)
  10. WaterresistantCsPbX3 nanocrystalscoatedwithpolyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxaneandtheiruseassolidstateluminophoresinall-perovskitewhitelight-emittingdevices,H.Huangetal.,ChemSci.,7(9),5699–5703(2016)
  11. Quantumdotlight-emittingdiodesbasedoninorganicperovskitecesiumleadhalides(CsPbX3),J.Songetal.,Adv.Mater.,27,7162-7167(2015)
  12. PerovskiteCrystalsforTunableWhiteLightEmission,S.Pathaketal.,Chem.Mater.,27(23),8066–8075(2015)
  13. Low-thresholdamplifiedspontaneousemissionandlasingfromcolloidalnanocrystalsofcaesiumleadhalideperovskites,S.Yakuninetal.,Nat.Comm.,6,8056(2015)
  14. All‐InorganicColloidalPerovskiteQuantumDots:ANewClassofLasingMaterialswithFavorableCharacteristics,Y.Wangetal.,Adv.Mater.,27(44),7101-7108(2015)
  15. NonlinearAbsorptionandLow-ThresholdMultiphotonPumpedStimulatedEmissionfromAll-InorganicPerovskiteNanocrystals,Wangetal.,NanoLett., 16 (1),448–453(2016)
  16. 6.5%efficientperovskitequantum-dot-sensitizedsolarcell,JH.Imetal.,Nanoscale,3,4088-4093(2011)
  17. Quantumdot–inducedphasestabilizationofα-CsPbI3perovskiteforhigh-efficiencyphotovoltaics,A.Swarnkaretal.,Science,354(6308),92-95(2016)
  18. EnhancedmobilityCsPbI3quantumdotarraysforrecord-efficiency,high-voltagephotovoltaiccells,E.Sanehiraetal.,ScienceAdvances27Oct2017:Vol.3,no.10,eaao4204
  19. PerovskiteQuantumDots:ANewAbsorberforPerovskite-PerovskiteTandemSolarCells:Preprint,J.Christiansetal.,NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.NREL/CP-5900-71593(2018)
  20. SuperiorOpticalPropertiesofPerovskiteNanocrystalsasSinglePhotonEmitters,F.Huetal.,ACSNano,9(12),12410–12416(2015)
  21. RoomTemperatureSingle-PhotonEmissionfromIndividualPerovskiteQuantumDots,YS.Parketal.,ACSNano, 9(10),10386–10393(2015)
  22. Photodetectors:High‐ResponsivityPhotodetectorsBasedonFormamidiniumLeadHalidePerovskiteQuantumDot–GrapheneHybrid,R.Panetal.,Particle,35(4),1700304(2018)

Tothebestofourknowledgethetechnicalinformationprovidedhereisaccurate.However,Ossilaassumenoliabilityfortheaccuracyofthisinformation.Thevaluesprovidedherearetypicalatthetimeofmanufactureandmayvaryovertimeandfrombatchtobatch.

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蚂蚁淘（www.ebiomall.cn）是中国大陆目前唯一的生物医疗科研用品B2B跨境交易平台， 该平台由多位经验丰富的生物人和IT人负责运营。蚂蚁淘B2B模式是指客户有采购意向后在蚂蚁 淘搜索全球供应信息，找到合适的产品后在蚂蚁淘下单，然后蚂蚁淘的海外买手进行跨境采购、 运输到中国口岸，最后由蚂蚁淘国内团队报关运输给客户...
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2018-12-26
猪细胞因子>>>分装ELISA试剂盒　　　　货号品名方法规格价格备注F25000猪促肾上腺皮质激素(Swine ACTH)ELISA48T/96T2000/3000进口分装F25001猪脑钠素/脑钠尿肽(Swine BNP)ELISA48T/96T2000/3000进口分装F25002猪III型胶原 查看更多>
2018-12-26
采用双抗体夹心ELISA法。用抗小鼠IgG1单抗包被于酶标板上，标准品和样品中的IgG1与单抗结合，加入酶标抗体，形成免疫复合物连接在板上，加入酶底物TMB，出现蓝色，加终止液硫酸，颜色变 查看更多>
2021-08-26
elisa指标：兔子D二聚体（D2D）定量试剂盒elisa英文：Rabbit D-Dimer,D2D ELISA Kit elisa规格：96T/48T快递送货上门（我司会用专业的兔子D二聚体（D2D）定量试剂盒包装盒进行包装，请放心购买）。elisa批次：最新elisa特点：敏感性高,特异性强,重复性好的实验elisa实验：提供免费代测服务兔子D二聚体（D2D）定量试剂盒100%厂家供货，保证产品质量的稳定性，可靠性，欢迎来电订购... 查看更多>
2018-12-26
小鼠细胞因子>>>分装ELISA试剂盒　　　　货号品名方法规格价格备注F10000小鼠血管紧张素转化酶(mouse ACE)ELISA48T/96T2000/3000进口分装F10001小鼠雄激素结合蛋白(mouse ABP)ELISA48T/96T2000/3000进口分装F10002小鼠促肾上腺 查看更多>
2021-07-15
Lowry法蛋白定量试剂盒的改良许多年来Lowry法是最常用也是被引用次数最多的蛋白质定量方法。其原理是在碱性条件和福林酚Folin-CiocalteuReagent存在下，铜离子与蛋白质形成可溶性兰色复合物，在750nm有最大光吸收值。Lowry法的优点是灵敏度高，对脂质、SDS等干扰物质不甚敏感。经典Lowry法的主要缺点是，每次蛋白定量之前必须用两种不同的试剂A和B(ReagentAandB)新鲜配制碱性铜试剂(ReagentC)... 查看更多>
2021-08-21
广州市智取生物科技有限公司在发布的微量蛋白BCA定量试剂盒供应信息，浏览与微量蛋白BCA定量试剂盒相关的产品或在搜索更多与微量蛋白BCA定量试剂盒相关的内容。 查看更多>
2021-08-31
elisa指标：人骨成型蛋白2（BMP-2）定量试剂盒elisa英文：Human Bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP-2 ELISA Kitelisa规格：96T/48T快递送货上门（我司会用专业的人骨成型蛋白2（BMP-2）定量试剂盒包装盒进行包装，请放心购买）。elisa批次：最新elisa特点：敏感性高,特异性强,重复性好的实验elisa实验：提供免费代测服务人骨成型蛋白2（BMP-2）定量试剂盒... 查看更多>
2019-09-24
无锡柏欧美地生物科技有限公司在发布的改良Lowry法蛋白定量试剂盒供应信息，浏览与改良Lowry法蛋白定量试剂盒相关的产品或在搜索更多与改良Lowry法蛋白定量试剂盒相关的内容。 查看更多>
2021-07-20
产品描述1.准确灵敏, 线性范围广，BCA试剂的蛋白质测定范围是20－2000ug/ml。2.快速：45分钟内完成测定，比经典的Lowry法快4倍而且更加方便。3.经济实用：在微孔板中进行测定，可大大节约样品和试剂用量。4.不受样品中离子型和非离子型去污剂影响。5.检测不同蛋白质分子的变异系数远小于考马斯亮蓝法蛋白定量。保存条件： BCA试剂 A, B 室温保存，蛋白标准品-20℃保存... 查看更多>
2019-08-09
北京拜尔迪诊断技术有限公司在发布的SensiFAST SYBR No-ROX Kit qPCR定量试剂盒供应信息，浏览与SensiFAST SYBR No-ROX Kit qPCR定量试剂盒相关的产品或在搜索更多与SensiFAST SYBR No-ROX Kit qPCR定量试剂盒相关的内容。 查看更多>
2019-04-01
MethylFlashHydroxymethylatedDNAQuantificationKit(Colorimetric)(48assays),羟甲基化DNA定量试剂盒(比色法)(48次分析是由上海西宝生物科技有限公司代理或销售的Epigentek品牌的试剂，产品来源于美国。上海西宝生物科技有限公司是中国最权威的MethylFlashHydroxymethylatedDNAQuantificationKit(Colorimetric)(48assays),羟甲基化DN 查看更多>
2021-09-12
上海杰美基因医药科技有限公司在发布的NINHYDRIN蛋白质浓度定量试剂盒供应信息，浏览与NINHYDRIN蛋白质浓度定量试剂盒相关的产品或在搜索更多与NINHYDRIN蛋白质浓度定量试剂盒相关的内容。 查看更多>
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商品咨询
【求助】96孔板怎么水浴,谢谢各位战友！ 生理生化与组织胚胎 丁...123
稻子jrXP2021-08-03
LOD就是 limit of detection
LOQ-定量限LOD-检测限
乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原定量检测试剂盒(化学发光法)_郑州安图生物工程股份...123
天堂密令丶蟠捆2021-08-19
科华还不错
【求助】CLIA88变异目标的要求是多少啊？质控的CV值要用CLIA'88...123
SGA508172021-07-26
如果你想做荧光定量PCR的根据实验思路来说应该需要一下试剂和仪器
1.模板提取（一般为RNA）：Trizol、氯仿、异丙醇、无水乙醇、DEPC处理水

2.模板浓度测定：分光光度计或NanoDrop

3.逆转录：逆转录试剂盒（或者一步法试剂盒），这一步可以用普通PCR做，也可以用水域做。

4.荧光定量PCR试剂：通常有用SYBR Green Mix做的，但是这里建议你用EvaGreen做，灵敏度和平行性都要好于SYBR Green，并且如果你那是ABI或者Stratagene的PCR如果用SYBR Green还需要加一步Rox很麻烦。

5.其他：除了以上的那些还需要离心管、PCR管或板（Axygen反应比较好）、移液枪等，暂时就想到这么多。
降钙素原定量测定试剂盒(胶体金免疫层析法)品牌:其他国产...123
gggliji2021-08-05
要求定量的试剂盒，由于是本人自己出费用，最好质优价廉的，要是不能还是要保证质量，请大家推荐下！谢谢
【求助】考马斯亮蓝蛋白定量试剂盒测定小肽浓度 蛋白质和糖学...123
zy9351502422021-08-20
各位同仁好，我想问下关于考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白（小肽）浓度的准确度到底有多高？为什么我同一个东西三次测得的结果的都不一样，而且相差很大！我的小肽第一次测得是3.7mg/ml（稀释15倍），第二次测得为3.0mg/ml（稀释15倍），第三次测得为2.5mg/ml，可以肯定我的蛋白没有降解，而且测定时间间隔不超过两天。不知道大家对于该法测定蛋白浓度时有什么好的见解～～～OD595值应控制在多少最好？我的稀释15倍时OD值在0.5-0.6之间，但是我稀释7.5倍，OD595落在0.7-0.8之间，这样的话后面算出来的值肯定比前面的低，请问我该如何取舍呢？谢谢大家给予建议！！！
...提取完马上测的和过一会儿测的结果为什么不一样我用qiagen的...123
wywdxfsh2021-08-18
模板，引物一样，只是试剂盒不一样，当然realtimepcr的protocol也不一样，可是不至于结果都是相反的吧？很是纳闷～～～希望高手赐教～
蛋白定量 （ BCA）试剂盒123
俺样最高VE2018-03-25
用杭州昊鑫生物独家代理的艾德莱BCA蛋白定量试剂盒比较好
1.步骤简单，45分钟内完成测定，比经典Lowry法快4倍而且更加方便。
2.灵敏度高，检测浓度下限达到25μg/ml，最小检测蛋白量达到0.5μg，待测样品体积为1-20μl 。
3.BCA法测定蛋白浓度不受绝大部分样品中的去污剂等化学物质的影响，可以兼容样品中高达5%的SDS，5%的Triton X-100，5%的Tween 20，60，80。
4.在20-2000μg/ml浓度范围内有良好的线性关系。
5.检测不同蛋白质分子的变异系数远小于考马斯亮蓝法蛋白定量。
WST4202013 临床实验室对商品定量试剂盒分析性能的验证.pdf123
purewater222021-07-27
中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会2013年的《临床实验室对商品定量试剂盒分析性能的验证》，有需要的战友自行下载。

临床实验室对商品定量试剂盒分析性能的验证.pdf(17431.6k)
做总蛋白质定量(BCA试剂盒)protocol 使终浓度为0.5mg/ml,怎么加啊,...123
超儿err2021-07-25
根据样品数量，A液和B液按50：1混合，配制适量BCA工作液，充分
混匀；b）完全溶解蛋白标准品，取10μl稀释至100μl0.9%NaCl或PBS，使终浓度为
0.5mg/ml。
Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce BCA 蛋白定量分析试剂盒) 豆...123
zhc9932021-08-04
有哪位战友用过Pierce的BCA蛋白定量试剂盒的，效果怎样啊？价钱一般是多少的？非常感谢！！！！！
实时荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒(qPCR试剂盒) | Thermo Fisher...123
wqku7502021-07-20
实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）用什么试剂盒比较好
加入荧光标记探针，巧妙地把核算扩增、杂交、光谱分析和实时检测技术结合在一起，借助于荧光信号来检测PCR产物。一方面提高了灵敏度，另一方面还可以做到PCR每循环一次就收集一个数据，建立实时扩增曲线，准确地确定CT值，从而根据CT值确定起始DNA的拷贝数，做到真正意义上的DNA定量。另外由于CT值是一个完全客观的参数，CT值越小，模版DNA的起始拷贝数越小。因此，利用CT值确定DNA拷贝数实时PCR方法比普通终点定量方法更加准确
我用的是罗氏的LightCycler 2.0荧光定量pcr仪,哪家国产的生物公司的荧...123
kan1988332021-08-08
考虑英骏的荧光染料，不贵价格有点贵。
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Ossila
英国 . Ossila 英国Ossila公司简介   Ossila成立于2009年，是由有机电子研究科学家组成，旨在提供组件，设备和材料，以实现更快，更智能的研究和发现。自那时以来，我们已经发展了诸多产品，并且自豪地向全世界57个国家的600多家不同机构提供我们的产品。  
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Ossila紫外臭氧清洗机UVO Cleaner_参数_厂家报价_
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... 这里是我们认识不同的同学、老师的平台。这里有学校各个活动...
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