Biological Activity
Potent, non-substrate inhibitor of EAAT2 (GLT-1) that displays > 44-fold selectivity over EAAT1 and EAAT3 (IC50 values are 85, 3787 and 5004 nM for EAAT2, EAAT3 and EAAT1 respectively). Exhibits no activity towards ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Compound Libraries
WAY 213613 is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen Plus. Find out more about compound libraries available from Tocris.
Technical Data
| M. Wt | 415.19 |
| Formula | C16H13BrF2N2O4 |
| Storage | Desiccate at RT |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 868359-05-1 |
| PubChem ID | 11531745 |
| InChI Key | BNYDDAAZMBUFRG-ZDUSSCGKSA-N |
| Smiles | FC1=C(F)C=C(OC2=CC=C(NC(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O)C=C2)C(Br)=C1 |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
All Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only.
Solubility Data
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| 1eq. NaOH | 41.51 | 100 | |
| DMSO | 41.51 | 100 |
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 415.19. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to solvent of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 2.41 mL | 12.04 mL | 24.09 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.48 mL | 2.41 mL | 4.82 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.24 mL | 1.2 mL | 2.41 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.05 mL | 0.24 mL | 0.48 mL |
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References
References are publications that support the products' biological activity.
Dunlop et al (2005) Characterization of novel aryl-ether, biaryl, and fluorene aspartic acid and diaminopropionic acid analogs as potent inhibitors of the high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAT2. Mol.Pharmacol. 68 974 PMID: 16014807
Beart and Shea (2007) Transporters for L-glutamate: an update on their molecular pharmacology and pathological involvement. Br.J.Pharmacol. 150 5 PMID: 17088867
Keywords: WAY 213613, supplier, Potent, non-, EAAT2, inhibitors, inhibits, Excitatory, Amino, Acid, Transporters, GLT-1, Glutamate, Monoamine, Neurotransmitter, WAY213613, Glutamate, Transporters, Glutamate, Transporters, Tocris Bioscience
TocrisBioscience是一家专卖生命科学研究chemicals,peptidesandantibodies的知名品牌，其产品也广为各大药厂、大学、研究机构，超过五万名科学研究者所采用。目前，產品內容已超過一千六百種以上，並每年持續不斷的增加新的產品。目前，产品内容已超过一千六百种以上，并每年持续不断的增加新的产品。 Tocrisbioscience是位于英国布里斯托尔（Bristol）的高品质试剂提供商，共有2000多种产品，主要集中在神经科学和信号传导领域，产品类型包括小分子、多肽、抗体、配体和化合物筛选文库等，主要产品包括GPCRligands，神经传递素，离子通道调控剂，信号通路抑制剂等，这些产品被广泛选择性地用于阻断或激活生物学通路。Tocris是世界上神经科学研究领域无可争议的领导者，其生产的影响神经系统的化学物质被多次引用，这些物质很多都来自JeffWatkins（Tocris的创立人）在Bristol大学原创性的研究工作。 TocrisBioscience的主要产品包括：SmallMoleculesPeptidesAptamersControlledSubstancesCompoundLibrariesDREADDLigandsFluorescentImagingLigandSetsOptopharmacologyReagentsToxins 按照研究领域细分：CancerCardiovascularSystemEndocrinologyImmunologyNeurosciencePain&InflammationRespiratorySystem
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TocrisBioscience主要产品分类 1、小分子在生物科学中，小分子作为研究材料具有许多优点，它们可设计成是选择性的、有效的、水溶性的或细胞可渗透的。应用作为激动剂和GPCR的拮抗剂，以及酶抑制剂，核受体配体和离子通道调节剂。许多常用药物是小分子，不像肽和蛋白质，它们可被设计为代谢稳定和口服活性。2、肽肽是由酰胺键连接的α-氨基酸形成的链。肽通常由20种天然存在氨基酸与非天然氨基酸组成。3、对照底物对照底物包含药物或化合物，来自于英国药物生产商的前沿技术。4、毒素毒素是由活细胞或组织产生的有毒物质。5、复合笼利用光解技术，使邻近的受体配体释放，防止扩撒效应。6、光控开关配体光控开关配体是光敏感的化合物，不同波长的光应于神经元的离子通道和受体的调节，能控制神经信号的强度。7、荧光探针结合到受体或蛋白质的荧光探针使研究人员能够检测的复杂生物分子的组件，如活细胞，具有高灵敏度和选择性。Tocris也提供荧光染料、标签等。8、筛选文库9、其他试剂
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硝酸根从根向地上部茎的长距离运输过程中首先要进行木质部的装载。台湾科学家发现NRT1.5是一个低亲和且依赖于pH的双向转运蛋白，位于质膜并在靠近木质部的中柱鞘细胞中表达，对于硝酸根在木质部的装载具有重要作用。
所以NRT1.5是双向性的转运蛋白
QianWang,JessamyTiffen,CharlesG.Bailey,MelanieL.Lehman,WilliamRitchie,LadanFazli,CynthiaMetierre,Yue(Julie)Feng,EstelleLi,MartinGleave,GrantBuchanan,ColleenC.Nelson,JohnE.J.Rasko,JeffHolst
Correspondenceto:JeffHolst,PhD,OriginsofCancerLaboratory,LockedBag6,Newtown,NSW2042Australia.(e-mail:j.holst@centenary.org.au).
BackgroundL-typeaminoacidtransporters(LATs)uptakeneutralaminoacidsincludingL-leucineintocells,stimulatingmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1signalingandproteinsynthesis.LAT1andLAT3areoverexpressedatdifferentstagesofprostatecancer,andtheyareresponsIBLeforincreasingnutrientsandstimulatingcellgrowth.
MethodsWeexaminedLAT3proteinexpressioninhumanprostatecancertissuemicroarrays.LATfunctionwasinhibitedusingaleucineanalog(BCH)inandrogen-dependentand-independentenvironments,withgeneexpressionanalyzedbymicroarray.APC-3xenograftmousemodelwasusedtostudytheeffectsofinhibitingLAT1andLAT3expression.ResultswereanalyzedwiththeMann-WhitneyUorFisherexacttests.Allstatisticaltestsweretwo-sided.
ResultsLAT3proteinwasexpressedatallstagesofprostatecancer,withastatisticallysignificantdecreaseinexpressionafter4–7monthsofneoadjuvanthormonetherapy(4–7monthmean=1.571;95%confidenceinterval=1.155to1.987vs0month=2.098;95%confidenceinterval=1.962to2.235;P=.0187).InhibitionofLATfunctionledtoactivatingtranscriptionfactor4–mediatedupregulationofaminoacidtransportersincludingASCT1,ASCT2,and4F2hc,allofwhichwerealsoregulatedviatheandrogenreceptor.LATinhibitionsuppressedM-phasecellcyclegenesregulatedbyE2Ffamilytranscriptionfactorsincludingcriticalcastration-resistantprostatecancerregulatorygenesUBE2C,CDC20,andCDK1.InsilicoanalysisofBCH-downregulatedgenesshowedthat90.9%arestatisticallysignificantlyupregulatedinmetastaticcastration-resistantprostatecancer.Finally,LAT1orLAT3knockdowninxenograftsinhibitedtumorgrowth,cellcycleprogression,andspontaneousmetastasisinvivo.
ConclusionInhibitionofLATtransportersmayprovideanoveltherapeutictargetinmetastaticcastration-resistantprostatecancer,viasuppressionofmammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1activityandM-phasecellcyclegenes.
L-typeaminoacidtransporters(LATs)supplycellswithlargeneutralaminoacids,whicharenotonlyrequiredforproteinsynthesisbutalsocontributetovarioussignalingpathways.Intracellularleucinelevelsaresensedbytheleucyl-transferRNAsynthetase,previouslyknowntocatalyzetheadenosinetriphosphate–dependentligationofL-leucinetotransferRNAduringproteinsynthesis(1,2).Leucyl-transferRNAsynthetaseactivatestheRagguanosinetriphosphatasecomplexandbindstoRaptortoactivatemammaliantargetofrapamycincomplex1(mTORC1)signalingonthesurfaceoflysosomes(1–3).Inthiswayleucineisnotonlyanessentialaminoacidbutactsasarate-limitingsignalingmoleculeinthemTORC1pathway.
Incellsdeprivedofaminoacids,thereisanaccumulationofunchargedtransferRNA,whichbindstoandactivatesthegeneralcontrolnonrepressed2(GCN2)kinase.Inturn,GCN2phosphorylatesthetranslationinitiationfactor2α(eIF2α)onserine51,triggeringtranslationalupregulationofactivatingtranscriptionfactor(ATF)4(4).ATF4itselfupregulatestheexpressionofaminoacidtransportersasameansofrestoringintracellularaminoacidlevels(5).Therefore,understandinghowaminoacidtransportersregulateintracellularleucinelevels,andgeneratingnovelinhibitorsofthesetransporters,mayleadtopotentsuppressorsofmTORC1signaling.
ThetwodistinctfamiliesofLATsare1)solutecarrier7(SLC7)members(LAT1/SLC7A5andLAT2/SLC7A8),whichmediateNa+-independentneutralaminoacidexchangeasheterodimerswiththe4F2cell-surfaceantigenheavychain(4F2hc/SLC3A2/CD98)glycoprotein(6,7);and2)SLC43proteins(LAT3/SLC43A1andLAT4/SLC43A2)thatmediateNa+-independentuniportofneutralaminoacids(8,9).AlthoughtheexpressionofeachLATmembervariesdramaticallyindifferenttissues,thesetransportersarecommonlyupregulatedincancer.IncreasedLAT1expressionhasbeendetectedinlungcancer,coloncancer,breastcancer,headandneckcancer,genitalcancers,andsofttissuesarcomas(10–12).WeandothershaveshownthatLAT1andLAT3areoverexpressedinprostatecancer(11–14),withLAT1expressionincreasedinmetastasiscomparedwithprimarycancer(10,12).
WehypothesizedthatinhibitionofLAT1andLAT3mayofferaneffectivetherapeuticapproachforprostatecancer.
