Please note that this kit is also available as a CLIA Kit abx490125.

Target	1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol)
Reactivity	General (All species)
Tested Applications	ELISA
Recommended dilutions	Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Storage	Shipped at 4 °C. Upon receipt, store the kit according to the storage instruction in the kit"s manual.
Validity	The validity for this kit is 6 months.
Stability	The stability of the kit is determined by the rate of activity loss. The loss rate is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage conditions. To minimize performance fluctuations, operation procedures and lab conditions should be strictly controlled. It is also strongly suggested that the whole assay is performed by the same user throughout.
Test Range	24.7 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml
Sensitivity	< 9.13="">
Standard Form	Lyophilized
ELISA Detection	Colorimetric
ELISA Type	Competitive
ELISA Data	Quantitative
Sample Type	Serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Target Type	Antigen
Assay Principle	This kit is based on competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay technology. An antibody is pre-coated onto a 96-well plate. Standards, test samples, and biotin-conjugated reagent are added to the wells and incubated. A competitive inhibition reaction takes place between the biotin-labelled Calcitriol and the unlabelled- Calcitriol on the pre-coated antibody. The HRP-conjugated reagent is then added, and the whole plate is incubated. Unbound conjugates are removed using wash buffer at each stage. TMB substrate is used to quantify the HRP enzymatic reaction. After TMB substrate is added, only wells that contain sufficient Calcitriol will produce a blue coloured product, which then changes to yellow after adding the acidic stop solution. The intensity of the color yellow is inversely proportional to the Calcitriol amount bound on the plate. The OD is measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm in a microplate reader, from which the concentration of Calcitriol can be calculated.
Kit Components	Pre-coated 96-Well Microplate Standard Standard Diluent Buffer Wash Buffer Detection Reagent A Detection Reagent B Diluent A Diluent B TMB Substrate Stop Solution Plate Sealer
Material Required But Not Provided	37°C incubator Multi and single channel pipettes and sterile pipette tips Squirt bottle or automated microplate washer 1.5 ml tubes Distilled water Absorbent filter papers 100 ml and 1 liter graduated cylinders Microplate reader (wavelength: 450 nm) ELISA Shaker
Reagent Preparation	1) Standard: Prepare the standard with the recommended volume of Standard Diluent Buffer, to make the standard solution. Then use the Standard Diluent buffer to carry out serial dilutions of the standard solution, as instructed in the Protocol. 2) Wash Buffer: Dilute the concentrated Wash Buffer with distilled water, as instructed in the Protocol. 3) Detection Reagent Preparation: Calculate the total volume of working solution required. Dilute Detection Reagent A and Detection Reagent B with Diluent A and Diluent B, respectively, at 1:100.
Assay Procedure	1) Set standard, test samples and control wells. 2) Aliquot 50 µl of diluted standard into the standard wells. 3) Aliquot 50 µl of Standard Diluent buffer into the control (zero) well. 4) Aliquot 50 µl of diluted samples into the sample wells. 5) Immediately aliquot 50 µl of Detection Reagent A to each well. Incubate for 1 hr at 37 °C. 6) Wash 3 times. 7) Aliquot 100 µl of Detection Reagent B to each well. Incubate for 30 mins at 37 °C. 8) Wash 5 times. 9) Aliquot 90 µl of TMB Substrate to each well. Incubate for 10-20 mins at 37 °C. 10) Aliquot 50 µl of Stop Solution. 11) Measure the OD at 450 nm.
Protocol	Equilibrate the kit components and samples to room temperature (18 - 25 °C) before use. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test. 1. Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample at least in duplicate. 2. Add 50 µL of each standard, control and sample into the appropriate wells. 3. Remove the cover and discard the liquid. 4. Immediately aliquot 50 µl of Detection Reagent A working solution. Seal the plate with a cover and incubate for 1 h at 37°C. 5.Remove the cover and discard the solution. Wash the plate 3 times with 1X Wash Buffer. 6. Add 100 µL of Detection Reagent B working solution into each well, seal and incubate at 37°C for 30 min. 7. Discard the solution and wash the plate 5 times with wash buffer as explained in previous step. 8. Aliquot 90 µl of TMB Substrate into each well. Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 10-20 min. Avoid exposure to light. The incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user. Do not exceed 30 min. 9. Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm immediately.
Results Calculation	This assay is competitive, therefore there is an inverse correlation between Calcitriol concentration in the sample and the absorbance measured. Create a graph with the log of the standard concentration (y-axis) and average absorbance measured (x-axis). Apply a best fit trendline through the standard points. The Calcitriol concentration of the samples can be interpolated from the standard curve.
Assay Precision	Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, medium and high levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) were were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, medium and high levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) were tested on 3 different plates, 8 replicates in each plate. CV (%) = (Standard Deviation / mean) × 100 Intra-Assay: CV<> Inter-Assay: CV<>
Availability	Shipped within 5-7 working days.
Note	This product is for research use only. The range and sensitivity is subject to change. Please contact us for the latest product information. For accurate results, sample concentrations must be diluted to mid-range of the kit. If you require a specific range, please contact us in advance or write your request in your order comments. Please note that our ELISA and CLIA kits are optimised for detection of native samples, rather than recombinant proteins. We are unable to guarantee detection of recombinant proteins, as they may have different sequences or tertiary structures to the native protein.

Research Articles on 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) ELISA Kit

Abbexa是一家致力于为生命科学研究、药物研发及生物技术公司提供优质抗体、蛋白及检测试剂盒等产品的高科技生物技术公司。基于剑桥大学研发技术优势，Abbexa提供包括一抗、二抗、纯化蛋白、ELISA试剂盒、各种酶类及其它多种试剂与研究工具的大量生命科学研究产品。

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CLIAKits 化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescenceimmunoassay,CLIA)

RNAInterferenceProducts RNA干扰试剂

RNA干扰（RNAinterference,RNAi）是指在进化过程中高度保守的、由双链RNA（double-strandedRNA，dsRNA）诱发的、同源mRNA高效特异性降解的现象。基因沉默，主要有转录前水平的基因沉默(TGS)和转录后水平的基因沉默(PTGS)两类:TGS是指由于DNA修饰或染色体异染色质化等原因使基因不能正常转录;PTGS是启动了细胞质内靶mRNA序列特异性的降解机制。有时转基因会同时导致TGS和PTGS。

由于使用RNAi技术可以特异性剔除或关闭特定基因的表达，（长度超过三十的dsRNA会引起干扰素毒性）所以该技术已被广泛用于探索基因功能和传染性疾病及恶性肿瘤的治疗领域。

1.           RNAi抑制转座子活性

两方面的证据提示转座子活性的抑制与siRNA有关

①发现蠕虫mut-7基因参与RNAi并且与转座子的转座抑制有关;

②在果蝇中,参与RNAi的RNA解螺旋酶Spindle-E的突变将导致该基因引起的基因沉默的缺失,同时提高了反转录转座子活性。

2.           RNAi抵御病毒感染

在拟南芥中研究转基因引起基因沉默时发现,sgs2/sde1基因突变的拟南芥对病毒的侵染表现出高度的敏感性。

3.           RNAi参与异染色质的形成和维持

Hall等研究表明,着丝粒同源重复序列和RNAi组分一起正负调节着异染色质的形成并共同促使异染色质组装成核；Vople等在敲除裂殖酵母(S.pombe)的RNAi途径基因(如Argonaute、Dicer、RDRP)时发现异染色质转录得到的dsRNA可以在RNAi途径的参与下,加工成siRNA,siRNA募集异染色质蛋白1(HP1),然后靶向性引起相应异染色质区域的转基因沉默。

4.           RNAi参与机体的发育调控及生理代谢

RNAi只抑制转录后的基因,所以RNAi在生物体发育学研究中具有优势。Chuang等用RNAi技术进一步证实了AG、CLV3、AP1、PAN等已知功能基因在拟南芥花发育过程中的功能。在RNAi过程中形成的RISC复合物可根据不同情况分别利用siRNA或stRNA行使不同的功能,但最终均导致特定基因沉默。

IsotypeControl

同型对照

同型对照（IsotypeControl），使用与一抗相同种属来源、相同亚型、相同剂量和相同的免疫球蛋白及亚型的免疫球蛋白，用于消除由于抗体非特异性结合到细胞表面而产生的背景染色。

同型对照

同型对照的主要目的是确定一抗的结合是特异性的，而不是非特异性的Fc受体或与其他蛋白的相互作用。还可以用来竞争性的结合抗体，与功能阻断抗体发挥同样的功能。

同型对照要与一抗的来源，Ig分型和标记完全一致。

如果一抗是多抗，可以用annormalserum（与一抗相同的正常血清）（mustbethesamespeciesasprimaryantibody）。Thiscontroliseasytoachieveandcanbeusedroutinelyinimmunohistochemicalstaining.这个可以咨询试剂商。同型对照为免疫荧光标记中的阴性对照。由于荧光标记单抗的组来源不同，应选用相同来源的未标记单抗作为同型对照来调整背景染色。举个例子：比如检测一抗为单抗的mouseantiratCD11b，cloneOX-42purifiedIgG，那么它的isotype是mouseIgG2a，所以可以用purified（纯化的）mouseIgG2a来做OX-42的同型对照（IsotypeControl）。一般的的生物技术公司和国内的代理都有出售。

同型对照：是指与MoAb相同的、未免疫小鼠的免疫球蛋白亚类，若使用直接免疫荧光染色法，同型对照也应标记荧光色素，如IgG1FITC、IgG2a、PE等。主要考虑了细胞的自发荧光、FC受体介导的抗体结合和非特异性抗体结合等影响因素。此外，同型对照与MoAb所标记的荧光色素、浓度、F：P比值（标记的荧光色素与免疫球蛋白分子的比值）应该相同为最佳，这对准确设定阴性与阳性细胞的界标有重要意义，切忌使用与MoAb不相匹配的同型对照，最好为同一实验室、采用相同工艺或方法制备（如同一品牌）的产品。