Mannosereceptortargetingbymannosylatedliposomeshasbeendemonstratedforavarietyofmannosylatedlipidconjugatesinavarietyofliposomemorphologiesandcompositionsinseveraldifferent invitro and invivo models.Thereareseveralpublicationsusingahydrophobicderivativeofmannose(4-aminophenylα-D-mannopyranoside) ratherthanusingamannosylatedlipidinClodronateliposomes.Thisismainlyduetothehighcostandcomplexityofsynthesizingandconjugatingmannosetolipid. 4-aminophenylα-D-mannopyranosideiscommerciallyavailableandfarlessexpensivethansynthesizingmannoseconjugatedlipid.
Whymannose?Mannoseisoneofthecarbohydratecomponentsofmanybacterialandviralcellsurfaces;therefore,theever-efficient,highlyredundantimmunesystemhasevolvedmultiplemechanismsforidentifyingpathogensbasedonmannoserecognition.Theanimalandplantkingdomslikewiseutilizecarbohydraterecognitionsignalingmechanismsincludingmannoseresidues.Manypublicationsevaluateothercarbohydratesastargetingmechanismsforvariouscelltypes,howevermannosetargetingtophagocytesappearstobeoneofthemorespecificmechanismsidentifiedtodate.Mammaliancellsurfaceidentificationmoleculesbasedonmannosebinding,suchastheICAMfamilyofleukocyteadhesionmolecules,targettheSIGNfamilyofmannosereceptorstoaccomplishself-recognition invivo.
Awell-knownandcitedstudybyUmezawa&Eto [1]demonstratesthatliposomescontainingaminophenylmannosideweremostefficientlyincorporatedintothemousebrainacrossthebloodbrainbarrier.TherADIolabeledliposomesbearingaminophenyl
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采用抗-HBe抗体包被反应板，加入校准品及被测样本，同时加入定量HBeAg中和抗原，经过振荡孵育,洗板后再加入铕标记的抗-HBe，若标本中抗-HBe浓度高，HBeAg将被大量中和，使最后形成的抗-HBe-HBeAg-铕标记抗-HBe复合物减少。增强液（β－NTA）将标记在抗体上的Eu3+解离到溶液中，Eu3+和增强液中的有效成分形成高荧光强度的螯合物，荧光强度和样本中的抗-HBe浓度成反比。
GM实验：试剂说明书上要求20分钟显色，10分钟的时候看一下，差不多就可以加终止液，但是我的标曲显色特别快，2分钟最低浓度蓝色就就深了，此时样本颜色还很浅很浅，我只能一块儿加终止液。所以，标曲显色过快，可能是什么原因？
（ps:第一列是标曲，后面是样本）
