Mannosereceptortargetingbymannosylatedliposomeshasbeendemonstratedforavarietyofmannosylatedlipidconjugatesinavarietyofliposomemorphologiesandcompositionsinseveraldifferent invitro and invivo models.Averylargenumberofpublicationsisaboutusingahydrophobicderivativeofmannose(4-aminophenylalpha-D-mannopyranoside)ratherthanusingamannosylatedlipidinClodronateliposomes.Thisismainlyduetothehighcostandcomplexityofsynthesizingandconjugatingmannosetolipid.4-aminophenylalpha-D-mannopyranosideiscommerciallyavailableandfarlessexpensivethansynthesizingmannoseconjugatedlipid.
Whymannose?Mannoseisoneofthecarbohydratecomponentsofmanybacterialandviralcellsurfaces;therefore,theever-efficient,highlyredundantimmunesystemhasevolvedmultiplemechanismsforidentifyingpathogensbasedonmannoserecognition.Theanimalandplantkingdomslikewiseutilizecarbohydraterecognitionsignalingmechanismsincludingmannoseresidues.Manypublicationsevaluateothercarbohydratesastargetingmechanismsforvariouscelltypes,howevermannosetargetingtophagocytesappearstobeoneofthemorespecificmechanismsidentifiedtodate.Mammaliancellsurfaceidentificationmoleculesbasedonmannosebinding,suchastheICAMfamilyofleukocyteadhesionmolecules,targettheSIGNfamilyofmannosereceptorstoaccomplishself-recognition invivo.
Awell-knownandcitedstudybyUmezawa&Eto [1]demonstratesthatliposomescontainingaminophenylmannosideweremostefficientlyincorporatedintothemousebrainacrossthebloodbrainbarrier.TherADIolabeledliposomesbearingaminophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosideweremaximallyincorporatedintothemousebrainafter48hours,whereasinthespleenandliver,theseradioactivitiesweremaximumafter12hours.Thestudiesalsoshowedthatliposomesweremostincorporatedwasglialcellsratherthanneuronalcell.Thesubcellularfractionationstudyindicatesthatmannoselabeledliposomesareincorporatedintolysosomesrichfractionbothinliverandbrain.
Therearefivemannosylatedfluorescentcontrolliposomeproducts(m-Fluoroliposome®)form-Clodrosome®(mannosylatedclodronateliposomes).Allfivemannosylatedfluorescentliposomesincorporatealipophilicdyeinsidetheirmembranes.Theyareinsolubleinwater;however,theirfluorescenceiseasilydetectedwhenincorporatedintomembranes.DiI,DiO,DiD,DiRandDiAcoverawiderangeofexcitationandemissionwavelengthsfrom300sto900s.DiIandDiOhavefluorescenceexcitationandemissionmaximaseparatedbyabout65nm,facilitatingtwo-colorlabeling.TheemissionspectrumofDiAisverybroad,allowingittobedetectedasgreen,orange,orevenredfluorescencedependingontheopticalfilterused.DiI,DiO,DiDandDiRbelongtothedialkylcarbocyaninesfamilyofcompounds.Thespectralpropertiesofthedialkylcarbocyaninesarelargelyindependentofthelengthsofthealkylchainsbutareinsteaddeterminedbytheheteroatomsintheterminalringsystemsandthelengthoftheconnectingbridge.Theyhaveextremelyhighextinctioncoefficients,moderatefluorescencequantumyields,andshortexcitedstatelifetimesinlipidenvironments(~1ns).Thefluorescencespectrumofeachdyeisshownbelow.
Youcanchoosethem-Fluoroliposome®basedonthetypeofthefluorescentequipmentandfiltersthatyouuseinyourlab.Mannosylatedclodronateliposomescannotbemadefluorescentsimplyduetothepotentialforinaccurateand/oruninterpretabledatabeinggeneratedbylabelledm-Clodrosome®.Formoreinformation,pleaserefertothetechnicalnotesection.
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请具体点，把联系方式和价位都说一下好吗？
我也想问一下。
求采纳
Clontech的非常好, 感觉. 效果不好可能是RNA问题, 或RTase的问题. 因为目前clontech的RTase是Takara的产品，而非原来clontech的产品，可单购。
请采纳。。。。
做一次5-RACE的话，克隆10个以上基因应该是可以的。本数据来源于百度地图，最终结果以百度地图最新数据为准。
