
Tau promotes the assembly and maintains the structure of microtubules in neuronal cells3,4,5. While the fetal brain contains a single isoform of tau (Tau-352) the adult brain has several isoforms. Tau is both phosphorylated and O-GlcNAcylated6. The normal brain tau contains 2-3 moles of phosphate/mole of the protein. In Alzheimer disease tau is hyperphosphorylated, containing 3-4-fold more phosphate/mole of the protein than the normal tau7,8 and is the major protein subunit of paired helical filaments (PHF) that form the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). NFT accumulation correlates with the clinical progression of Alzheimer"s disease. Tau 4G11 (TA-1001) is a rPeptide exclusive Tau Monoclonal Antibody that binds 4 out of the 6 Tau isoforms. It specifically binds Tau-381, Tau-410, Tau-412, and Tau-441 which all contain at least one amino terminal insert.
rPeptide是一家生物化学公司,坐落于美国乔治亚州,与雅典毗邻。该公司研发试剂是市场领跑者。主要产品涉及领域为老年性痴呆症与帕金森综合症研究使用的重组蛋白,重组多肽,抗体以及试剂等等,并成为了该领域的领导者。同时,该公司提供一系列外包服务,从分子生物学,蛋白表达与蛋白纯化到13C与15N统一标记蛋白与多肽。rPeptide技术平台可解决可溶性多肽/蛋白(例如:β-淀粉样蛋白、廋蛋白、前胰岛素)在大肠杆菌中表达等历史性难题。
1、Beta-AmyloidPeptides β-淀粉样多肽系列产品
2、 Proteins 蛋白系列产品
3、 Labeledpeptides&proteins 标记多肽与标记蛋白系列产品
4、MonoclonalAntibodies 单克隆抗体系列产品
5、PolyclonalAntibodies 多克隆抗体
6、Bydisease 人类疾病相关产品
7、Contractservices 外包服务
7.1 RecombinantExpressionofPeptidesandProteins 多肽与蛋白重组表达
7.2 UniformLabelingofPeptidesandProteins 多肽与蛋白进行标记
7.3 SyntheticPeptideSynthesis 多肽合成
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RMgX + RX = R-R + MgX2.
这个反应需要的能量比生成格氏试剂的高,
因此降低反应温度是第一个选择。
其次, 增加镁得摩尔比, 让 RX与镁有更多机会反应, 而不是与RMgX。
第三, 降低RX的浓度, 即用更多的溶剂, 因为溶剂和格氏试剂有很显著的溶剂络合。
第四, 缓慢滴加RX., 即降低RX.在反应体系的浓度。
第五, 增加搅拌速率, 即, 让RX.与镁有更好的接触。
认领翻译的战友请跟帖注明“认领本文翻译,48小时内未完成,请其他站友认领”
MaggotsFasterThanScalpelinWoundDebridement
December19,2011—Maggotdebridementtherapy(MDT)appearstobemoreeffectiveforwounddebridementcomparedwithconventionaltherapy,butonlyat1week;afterthattime,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeused,newresearchsuggests.
KristinaOpletalovà,MD,fromtheDepartmentofDermatology,UniversityofCaen,France,andcolleaguespublishedonlineDecember19intheArchivesofDermatology.
MedicalmaggotswereapprovedbytheUSFoodandDrugAdmiNISTrationasamedicaldeviceforwounddebridementin2004.Accordingtotheresearchers,useofmaggotsintreatingwoundsisassociatedwitheffectivewounddebridement,antibacterialeffects,andstimulationofwoundhealing.
However,theypointout,"[r]elativelyfewclinicalstudieshavebeenconductedandtheresultsarenotclear,partlyowingtomethodologicassessmentproblems."
InthecurrentProspective,randomizedcontrolled,phase3clinicaltrial,theresearcherssoughttodeterminetheefficacyofbaggedlarvaeonwounddebridementincomparisonwithconventionaltreatment.
TheprimaryobjectivewastocomparethemeanpercentageofsloughinwoundstreatedwithMDTwiththatofconventionaltreatmentatday15.Thestudyincluded119patientswithanonhealing,sloughywoundthatwas40cm2orsmallerandlessthan2cmdeep.Patientsalsohadananklebrachialindexof0.8orhigher.
Treatmentwasadministeredduringa2-weekhospitalstay.Conventionaltreatmentconsistedofsurgicaldebridement3timesaweekwithascalpel,withuseoftopicalanesthesia.TheMDTwasadministeredusinganencloseddressing(Vitapad,BioMondeLaboratories)containing80sterilemaggots.Atdischarge,aconventionaldressingwasapplied,andpatientswerefollowed-upatday30.
DebridementbyMDTwassignificantlyfasterthansurgicaldebridementduringthefirstweekoftreatment,reachingthesamelevelthecontrolgroupreachedatday15.NobenefitforMDTcomparedwithconventionaltreatmentinhealingrateswasobserved.Atday8,54.5%intheMDTgroupvs66.5%inthecontrolgroup(P=.04)hadevidenceofsloughandwoundhealing.However,byday15,themeanpercentageofsloughwas55.4%intheMDTgroupand53.8%inthecontrolgroup(P=.78).
"AthoughMDTshowsnosignificantbenefitatday15comparedwithconventionaltreatment,debridementbyMDTissignificantlyfasterandoccursduringthefirstweekoftreatment,"theresearchersconclude."Becausethereisnobenefitincontinuingthetreatmentafter1week,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeusedafter2or3applicationsofMDT."
Painscoresweresimilarandmildinbothgroups,althoughincontrasttoconventionaltreatment,MDTwasperformedwithouttopicalanesthesia.
Accordingtotheresearchers,noneofthepatientswerereticentaboutundergoingMDT."[A]crawlingsensationonthewoundwasrarelyandalmostequallynotedinbothgroups,revealingthatthesensationwassubjective,"Dr.Opletalovàandcolleaguespointout.
TwoquestionsregardingMDTremainunanswered,theauthorsnote."Candebridementbeimprovedusingmoremaggotsperdressing?Ifso,wouldthesedressingsbemorepainful?Furtherstudiesareneededtoanswerthesequestions."
ThestudywassupportedbygrantsfromtheClinicalResearchHospitalProgramandfromtheFrenchSocietyofDermatology.Theauthorshavedisclosednorelevantfinancialrelationships.
支原体培养则是取样后在培养基上培养,看有多少支原体菌落会长出,是比较直观和可信的结果。
总体来讲,这两种检查手段可信度都较高,结合一起,不仅可以可靠的知道有无解脲支原体感染,还能知道感染是否严重。

