| Molecular Weight: | 308.34 |
| Formula: | C16H16N6O |
| Purity: | ≥ 98% |
| CAS#: | 1092351-67-1 |
| Solubility: | DMSO up to 100 mM |
| Chemical Name: | 2-(4-amino-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-1H-indol-5-ol |
| Storage: | Powder:4oC 1 year. DMSO:4oC3 month;-20oC 1 year. |
Biological Activity:
PP242 is a highly potent, selective and ATP-competitive mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor (IC50 = 8 nM). It has > 10 folds selectivity over the other PI-3K family kinases (IC50 0.102 µM, 0.408 µM, 1.27 µM, 1.96 µM and 2.2 μM for p110γ, DNA-PK, p110δ, p110α and p110β, respectively). Except some weak inhibitory activity against PKCα, JAK2, PKCβI, PKCβII and RET (0.05-0.22 µM), PP242 exhibits excellent selectivity over 215 other protein kinases. PP242 differentially inhibits insulin-stimulated phosphorylations of cellular proteins both in vitro and in vivo in a manner distinctly different from that seen in mTORC2-functional knockout SIN1-/- cells or in cultures treated with Rapamycin, which targets only mTORC1, but not mTORC2. Blockage of 4EBP1 T36/T45/S65 phosphorylation by PP242 upon insulin stimulation in primary MEFs correlates well with an enhanced 4EBP1 association with the cap-binding protein eIF4E, resulting in a selective inhibition of cap-dependent, but not cap-independent, protein translation.
How to Use:
- In vitro: PP242 was used at 2.5 µM concentration in vitro and in cellular assays.
- In vivo: PP242 was orally dosed to mice at 20-60 mg/kg once per day to inhibit tumor growth, or in combination with Dasatinib, Bortezomib or Imatinib for synergistic activity.
Reference:
- 1. Feldman ME, et al. Active-site inhibitors of mTOR target rapamycin-resistant outputs of mTORC1 and mTORC2. (2009) PLoS Biol. 7(2):e38.
- 2. Janes MR, et al. Effective and selective targeting of leukemia cells using a TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor.(2010)Nat Med. 16(2):205-13.
- 3. Hoang B, et al. Targeting TORC2 in multiple myeloma with a new mTOR kinase inhibitor. (2010) Blood. 116(22):4560-8.
- 4. Liu Q, et al. Kinome-wide selectivity profiling of ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and characterization of their binding kinetics. (2012) J Biol Chem. 287(13):9742-52.
- 5. Hoang B, et al. The PP242 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in multiple myeloma cells via a target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E)/RAF pathway and activation is a mechanism of resistance. (2012) J Biol Chem. 287(26):21796-805.
- 6. Zhang F, et al. Inhibition of the mTORC2 and chaperone pathways to treat leukemia. (2012) Blood. 119(25):6080-8.
- 7. Zeng Z, et al. Targeting of mTORC1/2 by the mTOR kinase inhibitor PP242 induces apoptosis in AML cells under conditions mimicking the bone marrow microenvironment. (2012) Blood. 120(13):2679-89.
- 8. Zhao L, et al. mTOR complex 2 is involved in regulation of Cbl-dependent c-FLIP degradation and sensitivity of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (2013) Cancer Res. In press.
PP242_spec.pdf
PP242_MSDS.pdf
Products are for research use only. Not for human use.
ebiomall.com
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、
Cell-Based ELISA
的优点:
Cell-Based ELISA
(基于细胞的
ELISA
)是一种全新的
ELISA
技术,有两个最突出的优点:
1.1
不需要抽提蛋白、包被微孔板:细胞直接在微孔板里培养,待检测的时候,将细胞固定在微孔板上并
进行通透处理即可。这样就避免了抽提蛋白时,由于客观和主观上引起样品的损失而导致实验结果在一定
程度上偏离了实际情况。
同时不用包被微孔板,
简化了实验流程,
有助于提高效率。
科研人员在一个
96
孔
酶联板上,便能检测目标细胞蛋白经刺激或抑制作用后的表现。由于省去抽提蛋白和裂解细胞的步骤,样
本的损失也能降到最低,比起其他普通的
ELISA
测定方法,这项全新的
ELISA
技术能更快速、更方便
地一次检测大量的细胞内蛋白。
1.2
可同时检测两种不同蛋白:
封闭后加入两种抗不同蛋白且来源于不同宿主的一抗,
然后再加入不同的
二抗,加入两种荧光底物,检测两个波长。同时检测两种蛋白的好处是显而易见的,可以减少工作量,此
外还可以满足一些特殊的实验需要,例如,需要测定某个蛋白的磷酸化比例,就需要测定磷酸化蛋白的数
量和总蛋白的数量,这两个测定在同一次实验进行,有助于消除实验误差,得到更为精确的实验结果。
2
、
Cell-Based ELISA
的两种技术:
某些公司发展了双通道
Cell-Based ELISA
技术;
双通道与单通道
Cell-based ELISA
比较:
双通道
cell-based ELISA
,顾名思义,即一次可以同时检测两种目的蛋白,
R&D Systems
提供的
Cell-based ELISA
就是双通道
cell-based ELISA
,原理略:(需要荧光检测方式和相应仪器);
单通道
cell-based ELISA
,即一次只能检测一种目的蛋白,他和普通
ELISA
的主要区别在于样品处理过
程
3
、
cell-based ELISA
的应用:
该产品,最多发展起来的是用于检测磷酸化和非磷酸化蛋白的相对含量;
4
、有
cell-based ELISA
产品的公司:目前,多家
elisa
产品提供
商均
提供
cell
based
elisa
试剂盒,
如
Rnd
systems
,
raybiotech
,
ebioscience
,
millipore
等公司;
5
、如何自己进行
cell based elisa
实验?
事实上,根据单通道的
cell based elisa
原理,可以自己建立
cell based elisa
实验系统;
细胞加入培养板中;
加入刺激物或者抑制剂进行培养;
对细胞进行固定或者封闭;
加入第一抗体;
加入
HRP
结合的二抗(二抗的选择,同
western blot
);
加入底物进行显色;
我做的是细胞因子的刺激和抑制某条通路后观察是否有影响,分组为空白组,空白+抑制剂,刺激组,刺激+抑制剂,最开始用的单因素方差分析,LSD-T和SNK-Q检验,但是同学说我这里面有两个处理因素,所以不能单因素方差分析,应该直接空白和空白+抑制,空白和刺激,刺激和刺激+抑制剂进行独立样本T检验,现在脑子是混乱的,拜托园子里的大神们帮我看看,感激不尽!!
支原体培养则是取样后在培养基上培养,看有多少支原体菌落会长出,是比较直观和可信的结果。
总体来讲,这两种检查手段可信度都较高,结合一起,不仅可以可靠的知道有无解脲支原体感染,还能知道感染是否严重。
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MaggotsFasterThanScalpelinWoundDebridement
December19,2011—Maggotdebridementtherapy(MDT)appearstobemoreeffectiveforwounddebridementcomparedwithconventionaltherapy,butonlyat1week;afterthattime,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeused,newresearchsuggests.
KristinaOpletalovà,MD,fromtheDepartmentofDermatology,UniversityofCaen,France,andcolleaguespublishedonlineDecember19intheArchivesofDermatology.
MedicalmaggotswereapprovedbytheUSFoodandDrugAdmiNISTrationasamedicaldeviceforwounddebridementin2004.Accordingtotheresearchers,useofmaggotsintreatingwoundsisassociatedwitheffectivewounddebridement,antibacterialeffects,andstimulationofwoundhealing.
However,theypointout,"[r]elativelyfewclinicalstudieshavebeenconductedandtheresultsarenotclear,partlyowingtomethodologicassessmentproblems."
InthecurrentProspective,randomizedcontrolled,phase3clinicaltrial,theresearcherssoughttodeterminetheefficacyofbaggedlarvaeonwounddebridementincomparisonwithconventionaltreatment.
TheprimaryobjectivewastocomparethemeanpercentageofsloughinwoundstreatedwithMDTwiththatofconventionaltreatmentatday15.Thestudyincluded119patientswithanonhealing,sloughywoundthatwas40cm2orsmallerandlessthan2cmdeep.Patientsalsohadananklebrachialindexof0.8orhigher.
Treatmentwasadministeredduringa2-weekhospitalstay.Conventionaltreatmentconsistedofsurgicaldebridement3timesaweekwithascalpel,withuseoftopicalanesthesia.TheMDTwasadministeredusinganencloseddressing(Vitapad,BioMondeLaboratories)containing80sterilemaggots.Atdischarge,aconventionaldressingwasapplied,andpatientswerefollowed-upatday30.
DebridementbyMDTwassignificantlyfasterthansurgicaldebridementduringthefirstweekoftreatment,reachingthesamelevelthecontrolgroupreachedatday15.NobenefitforMDTcomparedwithconventionaltreatmentinhealingrateswasobserved.Atday8,54.5%intheMDTgroupvs66.5%inthecontrolgroup(P=.04)hadevidenceofsloughandwoundhealing.However,byday15,themeanpercentageofsloughwas55.4%intheMDTgroupand53.8%inthecontrolgroup(P=.78).
"AthoughMDTshowsnosignificantbenefitatday15comparedwithconventionaltreatment,debridementbyMDTissignificantlyfasterandoccursduringthefirstweekoftreatment,"theresearchersconclude."Becausethereisnobenefitincontinuingthetreatmentafter1week,anothertypeofdressingshouldbeusedafter2or3applicationsofMDT."
Painscoresweresimilarandmildinbothgroups,althoughincontrasttoconventionaltreatment,MDTwasperformedwithouttopicalanesthesia.
Accordingtotheresearchers,noneofthepatientswerereticentaboutundergoingMDT."[A]crawlingsensationonthewoundwasrarelyandalmostequallynotedinbothgroups,revealingthatthesensationwassubjective,"Dr.Opletalovàandcolleaguespointout.
TwoquestionsregardingMDTremainunanswered,theauthorsnote."Candebridementbeimprovedusingmoremaggotsperdressing?Ifso,wouldthesedressingsbemorepainful?Furtherstudiesareneededtoanswerthesequestions."
ThestudywassupportedbygrantsfromtheClinicalResearchHospitalProgramandfromtheFrenchSocietyofDermatology.Theauthorshavedisclosednorelevantfinancialrelationships.

