Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia, reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling, cell rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult.
To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia [1,2]. Studies on myocardial [1,3,4], liver [5-8], retina [9] and wound healing [10-12] ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events.
The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver [6,7,13].
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可以用移液器将细胞吸出来并高速离心，沉淀重悬于PBS中洗涤，接着就可以裂解提取蛋白了。可以用超声，酶解等等，裂解后离心收集上清。
做的比较好的，一般都是上海地区的，你可以看下基尔顿生物。
我刚开始做转染，悬浮细胞，分别做过表达和敲减，看了很多文献，大都没有提及转染后是用转染的这同一批细胞同时做pcr，wb，cck8，凋亡，细胞周期；还是说这次转染只做pcr或wb，再转染一次做cck8或细胞周期。剩下的功能试验均同前，转染一次做一次？我养的是悬浮细胞，转染后做cck8这些功能试验前需要离心换液吗？跪谢解答！
细胞状态与密度；转染试剂的类型、用量；DNA的品质、用量；转染复合物的品质、作用细胞的时间长度。
