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Item | Catalog # | Description | Quantity | Price (USD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasmid | 51084 | Standard format: Plasmid sent in bacteria as agar stab | 1 | $75 | Add to Cart | |
AAV1 | 51084-AAV1 | Virus (100 µL at titer ≥ 5×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart | |||
AAV Retrograde | 51084-AAVrg | Virus (100µL at titer ≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL)and Plasmid.More Information | Add to Cart |
This material is available to academics and nonprofits only.
Backbone
- Vector backbonepAAV-hSyn1-WPRE-HGHpA(Search Vector Database)
- Backbone manufacturerModified from Karl Deisseroth
- Backbone sizew/o insert(bp)4590
- Total vector size (bp)6750
- Modifications to backboneAltered cloning sites
- Vector typeMammalian Expression, AAV
Growth in Bacteria
- Bacterial Resistance(s)Ampicillin
- Growth Temperature37°C
- Growth Strain(s)Stbl3
- Copy numberHigh Copy
Gene/Insert
- Gene/Insert nameGCaMP6s
- Alt nameG6s
- Alt nameGCaMP6 slow
- SpeciesSynthetic
- Promoterhuman Synapsin1
- Tag/ Fusion Protein
- P2A-nls-dTomato (C terminal on insert)
Cloning Information
- Cloning methodRestriction Enzyme
- 5′ cloning siteBamHI(not destroyed)
- 3′ cloning siteAscI(not destroyed)
- 5′ sequencing primerctcagcgctgcctcagtctg
- 3′ sequencing primerCCATACGGGAAGCAATAGCATG (Common Sequencing Primers)
Resource Information
- A portion of this plasmid was derived from a plasmid made byThe GCaMP6s portion was derived from Addgene plasmid #40753 (Douglas Kim, Janelia Farms).
- Terms and Licenses
- UBMTA
- Ancillary Agreement for Plasmids Containing FP Materials
- Takara Bio Limited Use Label License (formerly Clontech)
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
- Articles Citing this Plasmid
- 2 References
Depositor Comments
The addition of the P2A-nls-dTomato allows for easy identification of GCaMP6 expressing cells exhibiting nuclear red fluorescence that does not significantly overlap with the cytosolic GCaMP signal.The GCaMP and fluorophore are physically uncoupled.
Permissions were obtained from Douglas Kim and the Clontech licensing office for depositing this new plasmid.
Information for AAV1 (Catalog # 51084-AAV1)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV1 particles produced from AAV-hSyn1-GCaMP6s-P2A-nls-dTomato (#51084). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified AAV-hSyn1-GCaMP6s-P2A-nls-dTomato plasmid DNA.
GCaMP6s calcium sensor and bicistronic, physically separate nuclear localized dTomato expression under a human synapsin1 promoter. These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 5×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV1 cap gene
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68 + 200 mM NaCl
- SerotypeAAV1
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter Genenuclear dTomato (physically separate, not a fusion protein)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Ancillary Agreement for Penn Vectors
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Data submitted about 51084-AAV1 by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Human (ex: human brain slices), Infected cells in vitro
Information for AAV Retrograde (Catalog # 51084-AAVrg)(Back to top)
Purpose
Ready-to-use AAV Retrograde particles produced from AAV-hSyn1-GCaMP6s-P2A-nls-dTomato (#51084). In addition to the viral particles, you will also receive purified AAV-hSyn1-GCaMP6s-P2A-nls-dTomato plasmid DNA.
GCaMP6s calcium sensor and bicistronic, physically separate nuclear localized dTomato expression under a human synapsin1 promoter. These AAV were produced with a retrograde serotype, which permits retrograde access to projection neurons.These AAV preparations are suitable purity for injection into animals.Delivery
- Volume100 µL
- Titer≥ 7×10¹² vg/mL
- Pricing$350 USD for preparation of 100 µL virus + $30 USD for plasmid.
- StorageStore at -80℃. Thaw just before use and keep on ice.
- ShipmentViral particles are shipped frozen on dry ice. Plasmid DNA (≥ 200ng) will also be included in the shipment.
Viral Production & Use
- Packaging Plasmidsencode adenoviral helper sequences and AAV rep gene, AAV retrograde cap gene from rAAV2-retro helper (plasmid #81070)
- BufferPBS + 0.001% Pluronic F-68 + 200 mM NaCl
- SerotypeAAV retrograde (AAVrg)
- PurificationIodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation
- Reporter Genenuclear dTomato (physically separate, not a fusion protein)
Biosafety
Requestor is responsible for compliance withtheir institution"s biosafety regulations.Lentivirus is generally considered BSL-2. AAV isgenerally considered BSL-1, but may requireBSL-2 handling depending on the insert.Biosafety Guide
Resource Information
- Terms and Licenses
- Terms of Use for Viral Vectors
- Industry Terms
- Not Available to Industry
Viral Quality Control
- Addgene ensures high quality viral vectors by optimizing and standardizing production protocols and performing rigorous quality control (QC) (see a list of our QC assays). Thespecific QC assays performed varies for each viral lot. To learn which specific QC assays were performed on your lot, please contact us.
- Titer: the exact titer of your sample will be reported on the tube. The titer you see listed on this page is the guaranteed minimum titer. See how titers are measured.
Visit our viral production page for moreinformation.
Addgene Comments
Retrograde functionality is dependent on high viral titers. Addgene recommends not diluting your AAV preps prior to use.Data submitted about 51084-AAVrg by requesting scientist(s):
- Data 1: Rat, Brain parenchyma
- Data 2: Mouse, Brain parenchyma
ebiomall.com






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脂质的生物学功能有1、脂肪氧化分解释放能量
2、复合脂质和衍生脂质是构成细胞的成分
3、促进脂性维生素的吸收
4、脂肪防震和隔热保温作用
5、脂肪的氧化利用具有降低蛋白质和糖消耗的作用
如磷脂含P,维生素D含N.脂肪只含C、H、O三种元素.
向左转|向右转
1.体内储存和提供能量(体内1克脂肪产生的能量大约9千卡)
2.维持体温正常(皮下脂肪还可以起到隔热保温作用)
3.保护作用(脂肪组织在体内对器官有支撑和衬垫作用,保护内部器官免受外力伤害)
4.内分泌作用(由脂肪分泌的银子有瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素-6、脂联素及抵抗素等参与机体代谢、免疫、生长发育等生理过程)
5.帮助机体更有效低利用碳水化合物和节约蛋白质作用(节约蛋白质作用)
6.机体重要的构成成分(比如细胞膜脂质双分子层)
食物中的脂肪营功能:
除给人体提供能量和脂肪合成材料外,还有营养学功能:增加饱腹感;改善食物感官性状;提供脂溶性维生素。此外为人体提供必需脂肪酸。
缺乏时的症状:
一般情况不会有单纯的脂肪缺乏,除非像非洲难民似的遭遇饥荒(其实是很多食物的匮乏导致的结果)。脂肪缺乏表现为消瘦,怕冷,免疫力低下,生长发育缓慢等。
必需脂肪酸缺乏症状供参考:生长迟缓、生殖障碍、皮肤损伤(出现皮疹等)以及肾脏、肝脏、神经和视觉方面多种疾病。
脂肪的来源:动物的脂肪组织和肉类以及植物的种子。
有些是类固醇化合物(甾体激素),有些事脂肪酸衍生物
类固醇激素例如:肾上腺皮质激素、性激素等。
脂肪酸衍生物例如:前列腺素等。
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原文链接:http://www.medpagetoday.com/Rheumatology/Arthritis/42192
ErosiveHandOALinkedtoLipids
Erosiveosteoarthritis(OA)ofthehandisasevereformofrADIographichandOA,ratherthanadistinctclinicalentity,andmaybedrivenbythepresenceofmetabolicabnormalities,researchersreported.
ThepatternofjointinvolvementinerosiveOAwassimilartothatseeninseverenon-erosivedisease,particularlyforsymmetry,withanadjustedoddsratioof6.5(95%CI3-14.1)forinvolvementofthesamejointintheoppositehand,accordingtoMichelleMarshall,PhD,ofKeeleUniversityinStaffordshire,England,andcolleagues.
ButindividualswitherosivehandOAhadmorethantwicetheriskofmetabolicsyndrome(OR2.7,95%CI1-7.1)andmorethanfourtimestheriskofdyslipidemia(OR4.7,95%CI2.1-10.6)comparedwithpatientswhohadseverenon-erosiveOA,theresearchersreportedonlineinAnnalsoftheRheumaticDiseases.
ErosivehandOAdiffersfromnon-erosivediseaseinseveralways.Forinstance,theonsetofsymptomssuchasswelling,stiffness,andpaintendstobeabrupt,andradiographsreveal"gull-wing"or"saw-tooth"deformitiesandcollapseofthesubchondralbone.
Followingapparentwideningofthejointspace,remodelingoccurs,resultingintheappearanceoflargeosteophytesandanirregularsubchondralplate.
Andoverall,worseclinicalandradiographicoutcomes--alongwithsystemicriskfactors--havebeenreportedforerosiveOA.
ButthecauseandpathogenicprocessesassociatedwitherosiveOAhavenotbeenfullyestablished,andtheEuropeanLeagueAgainstRheumatismhassuggestedthaterosivediseasemaybeasubsetofgeneralizedhandOA.
TodeterminewhethererosivehandOAactuallyisaseparateentityorpartofacontinuumofseverityandtoidentifypotentialriskfactors,MarshallandcolleaguesrecruitedpatientsfromaclinicalassessmentstudyofhandOAandalsofromastudyofkneeOAtoprovidealarger,enrichedsample.
Allparticipantsreportedhandpainandstiffnessforatleast"afew"dayswithinthepastmonth.
X-raysofthehandswerescoredaccordingtotheKellgrenandLawrence(KL)system,andthepresenceoferosivechangeswasevaluatedaccordingtotheVerbruggen-Veysprogressionscale.
Atotalof1,167patientsand8,608handjointswereincludedintheanalysis.
OntheKLgradingscale,1,754jointsweregrades2orhigher,indicatingpossIBLeordefiniteosteophytesandnarrowingofthejointspace.
Moderate-to-severeKLscoresof3orhigherwerefoundin425joints,indicatingthepresenceofmultipleosteophytes,jointspacenarrowing,sclerosis,andpossiblebonedeformities.
Severescoresof4,withlargeosteophytes,markedjointspacenarrowing,severesclerosis,anddefinitebonedeformitieswerefoundin112joints.
Erosivediseasewasidentifiedin207jointsin80patients.
Theseconddistalinterphalangealjointwasmostoftenaffected,andsignificantassociationswerefoundfortheoverallrankedorderofinvolvedjointsinbotherosiveandnon-erosiveOA(r>0.95).
Aswithsymmetry,thepatternofinvolvementacrossthejointsofthesamehandandthesamefingerwassimilarforbotherosiveandnon-erosivedisease.
Patientswitherosiveandnon-erosivediseaseweresimilarinmanycharacteristics,includingage,sex,thepresenceofkneeOA,afamilyhistoryofarthritis,andbodymassindex.Themaindifferencewasinthepresenceofdyslipidemiaandmetabolicsyndrome.
Amongpatientswithnon-erosiveKL3,atotalof6.2%hadabnormallevelsofcholesterol,asdid8.8%ofthosewithnon-erosiveKL4.
Incontrast,21.2%ofthosewitherosivediseasehadlipidabnormalities.
AndforpatientswithKL3and4,ratesofmetabolicsyndromewere4.1%and2.9%,respectively,whiletheratewas11.2%forthosewitherosivedisease.
Thepatternsofinvolvementinthehandjointssuggestthatthereare"strongsimilarities"betweenerosiveOAandmoderate-to-severenon-erosiveOA,andmayrepresentanevolutionmediatedthroughmetabolicpathways,theresearchersexplained.
"Theexactmechanismisnotyetknownbutosteoarthritisisbelievedtosharesimilarbiochemicalandinflammatorypathwaystometabolicdisorders,anddyslipidemiamayalterlipidmetabolisminanumberofjointtissues,"theywrote.
Alimitationofthestudywastherelativelysmallnumberofpatientswitherosivedisease.
脂类,由脂肪酸和醇作用生成的酯及其衍生物统称为脂类,这是一类一般不溶于水而溶于脂溶性溶剂的化合物。
脂肪:存在于人体和动物的皮下组织及植物体中,是生物体的组成部分和储能物质。
脂类所指代的一类物质较脂肪更广。而酯类则是从化学角度来看物质世界,有不少是化工原料。有些酯类是脂肪的构成成分。
如上所述,脂类包括脂肪酸(多是4碳以上的长链一元羧酸)和醇(包括甘油醇、硝氨醇、高级一元醇和固醇)等所组成的酯类及其衍生物。包括单纯脂类、复合酯类及衍生脂质。
脂肪是指人体或动物体内的、由一分子甘油和三分子脂肪酸结合而成的甘油三酯。
酯类是指酸(羧酸或无机含氧酸)与醇起反应生成的一类有机化合物。低分子量酯是无色、易挥发的芳香液体,如:如乙酸乙酯CH3COOC2H5、乙酸苯酯CH3COOC6H5、苯甲酸甲酯C6H5COOCH3等;高级饱和脂肪酸单酯常为无色无味的固体,高级脂肪酸与高级脂肪醇形成的酯为蜡状固体。所以,酯类与脂类不可替代使用。
后来加PEG沉淀效果很好,上清夜很清,但是不知道会不会对后期测效价,纯化等有影响。
有没有别的简便方法可以去除脂类?
哪位高手指教一下,感激不尽。

