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| application information |
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| Recommended dilution | 1: 1000 with standard ECL (WB), 1: 20 (IG) |
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| Expected | apparent MW | 82 | 55-60 kDa |
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| Confirmed reactivity | Arabidopsis thaliana, Bryopsis corticulans, Colobanthus quitensis Kunt Bartl, Fucus vesiculosus, Haematococcus pluvialis, Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, isum sativum, Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort), Phaseolus vulgaris, Physcomitrella patens, Pinus strobus, Spinacia oleracea, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Synechococcus PCC 7942, Synechocystis PCC 6803, Scenedesmus obliquus, microalgae: Nannochloropsis gaditana | |
| Predicted reactivity | dicots including: Lycopersicum esculentum, Panax ginseng, monocots including: Triticum aestivum trees: Picea spinulosa, Pinus thunbergii, Populus alba, Citrus x limon, Bigelowiella natans, algae, cyanobacteria |
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| Not reactive in | Chromera velia |
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| Additional information | immunogold localization has been done in leaf material of Arabidopsis thaliana |
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| Selected references | Correa-Galvis et al. (2016). Photosystem II Subunit PsbS Is Involved in the Induction of LHCSR Protein-dependent Energy Dissipation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem. 2016 Aug 12;291(33):17478-87. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.737312. Gerotto et al. (2015). In Vivo Identification of Photosystem II Light Harvesting Complexes Interacting with PHOTOSYSTEM II SUBUNIT S. Plant Physiol. 2015 Aug;168(4):1747-61. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00361. Epub 2015 Jun 11. Liu and Last (2015). A land plant-specific thylakoid membrane protein contributes to photosystem II maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2015 Jun;82(5):731-43. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12845. Epub 2015 Apr 29. Dahal et al. (2015). Improved photosynthetic performance during severe drought in Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a nonenergy conserving respiratory electron sink. New Phytol. 2015 May 29. doi: 10.1111/nph.13479. Knuesting et al. (2015). Arabidopsis glutaredoxin S17 and its partner, the nuclear factor Y subunit C11/negative cofactor 2α, contribute to maintenance of the shoot apical meristem under long-day photoperiod. Plant Physiol. 2015 Apr;167(4):1643-58. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00049. Epub 2015 Feb 19. Charuvi et al. (2015). Photoprotection Conferred by Changes in Photosynthetic Protein Levels and Organization during Dehydration of a Homoiochlorophyllous Resurrection Plant. Plant Physiol. 2015 Apr;167(4):1554-65. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.255794. Wang et al. (2014). Cellular Capacities for High-Light Acclimation and Changing Lipid Profiles across Life Cycle Stages of the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 15;9(9):e106679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106679. eCollection 2014. Lin et al. (2014). Analysis of an Arabidopsis Heat-sensitive Mutant Reveals that Chlorophyll Synthase is Involved in Reutilization of Chlorophyllide during Chlorophyll Turnover. Plant J. 2014 Jul 8. doi: 10.1111/tpj.12611. |
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application example
2 µg of total protein from (1) Arabidopsis thaliana leaf, (2) Hordeum vulgare leaf, (3) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii total cell, (4) Synechococcus sp. 7942 total cell all extracted with Protein Extration Buffer, PEB (AS08 300), were separated on 4-12% NuPage (Invitrogen) LDS-PAGE and blotted 1h to PVDF. Blots were blocked immediately following transfer in 2% ECL Advance blocking reagent (GE Healthcare) in 20 mM Tris, 137 mM sodium chloride pH 7.6 with 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20 (TBS-T) for 1h at room temperature with agitation. Blots were incubated in the primary antibody at a dilution of 1: 10 000 for 1h at room temperature with agitation. The antibody solution was decanted and the blot was rinsed briefly twice, then washed once for 15 min and 3 times for 5 min in TBS-T at room temperature with agitation. Blots were incubated in secondary antibody (anti-rabbit IgG horse radish peroxidase conjugated, frecommended secondary antibody AS09 602) diluted to 1:50 000 in 2% ECL Advance blocking solution for 1h at room temperature with agitation. The blots were washed as above and developed for 5 min with ECL Advance detection reagent according the manufacturers instructions. Images of the blots were obtained using a CCD imager (FluorSMax, Bio-Rad) and Quantity One software (Bio-Rad). Exposure time was 10 seconds.
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NaturalProteinStopsDeadlyHumanBrainCancerInMice
ScientistsfromJohnsHopkinsandfromtheUniversityofMilanhaveeffectivelyproventhattheycaninhibitlethalhumanbraincancersinmiceusingaproteinthatselectivelyinducespositivechangesintheactivityofcellsthatbehavelikecancerstemcells.ThereportispublishedinNature.
Themostcommontypeofbraincancer-glioblastoma-ismarkedbythepresenceofthesestem-cell-likebraincells,which,insteadoftriggeringthereplacementofdamagedcells,formcancertissue.Stemcells,unlikeallothercellsinthebody,arecapableofformingalmostanykindofcellwhentheright"signals"triggertheirdevelopment.
Fortheirtreatmentexperiment,theresearchersreliedonaclassofproteins,bonemorphogenicproteins,thatcauseneuralstem-cell-likeclusterstolosetheirstemcellproperties,whichinturnstopstheirABIlitytodivide.
Firsttheypretreatedhumanglioblastomacellswithbonemorphogenicprotein4(BMP4),theninjectedthesetreatedcellsintomousebrains.Inmiceinjectedwithcellsthatwerenotpretreated,large,invasivecancersgrew.InthemicewithBMP4-treatedcells,nocancersgrewatall.Threetofourmonthsafterinjection,allmicethatgotuntreatedcellsdied,andnearlyallmicewithBMP4-treatedcellswerealive.
Next,thescientistsdeliveredslow-releaseBMP4-containing"beads"directlyintomousebrainswithimplantedglioblastomacells.Micethatgotemptybeadsdevelopedlargemalignanttumorsanddied.MicewithBMP4beadssurvivedmuchlonger,and80percentsurvivedfourmonthsaftercancercellimplants.
"OurideaistotreatpatientswithBMP4orsomethinglikeitrightaftersurgerytoremoveglioblastomainhopesofpreventingtheregrowthofthecancerandimprovingsurvivaltime,"saysAlessandroOlivi,M.D.,directoroftheDivisionofNeurosurgicalOncologyatHopkinsandacontributortothestudy.
OlivisaysclinicalstudiesusingBMP4couldbeginwithinayearand,ifsuccessful,drugtherapiescouldbeavailabletothepublicwithinthreetofouryears.
"ThiswasproofoftheideathatBMPscouldstopglioblastomabydepletingthestem-cell-likepopulationthatfeedsit,"saysHenryBrem,M.D.,chairmanoftheDepartmentofNeurosurgeryatHopkinsandacollaboratorinthestudy."Thisopensexcitingdoorstofutureresearchintotreatmentsandtherapiesforsuchadevastatingdisease."
