EM Images: Negative staining electron microscopy of MAYV virus-like particles (VLPs).

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MAYARO VIRUS VLP
At The Native Antigen Company we have prepared recombinant Mayaro Virus VLP utilising our proprietary mammalian cell expression system. These particles contain Capsid and E1 and E2 envelope proteins. They will find application for researchers and assay developers who are looking to develop assays to distinguish Mayaro virus infection from Chikugunya virus.
PRODUCT DETAILS – MAYARO VIRUS LYSATE (TRVL4675 STRAIN)
- Recombinant Mayaro virus-like particle (strain Acre27) comprising E1, E2 and Capsid proteins (NCBI Accession Numbers: AJA37502.1, KM400591.1), expressed from HEK293 cells.
- Includes a mouse Fc-tag and is buffered in DPBS, pH7.4.
- Suitable for use in immunoassay development.
BACKGROUND
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Alphavirus, a member of the Togaviridae family of viruses. It is a member of the Semliki Forest antigenic sero-complex, a serological group within the Alphavirus genus, and is closely related to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (Esposito, D.L.A).
Infection with Mayaro virus causes an acute, self-limited dengue-like illness of 3–5 days duration, characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, rash, prominent pain in the large joints, and association with rheumatic disease. MAYV is recognised as an emerging virus with the potential to cause a major epidemic in Central and South American countries. Currently, there is no licensed prophylactic vaccine or specific treatment for MAYV fever. Prevention of MAYV is through vector control measures to reduce transmission of the virus. Given the geographical distribution of MAYV and the similarity of the symptoms of Mayaro fever to infections caused by other arboviruses such Dengue fever, Chikungunya and Zika virus, it is considered important to be able to differentiate diagnostically between these arboviral diseases (CDC). Diagnosis of MAYV infection may be achieved by serological testing for MAYV specific IgM antibodies using enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, cross reactivity with related viruses can reduce assay sensitivity and prevent accurate diagnosis (Figueiredo, ML).
REFERENCES
- Esposito DLA and Fonseca BALD (2017). Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis.21(5):540-544
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Emerging infectious diseases. Brunini, S et al (2017). High Frequency of Mayaro Virus IgM among Febrile Patients, Central Brazil. Research Letter. Volume 23, Number 6—June
Certificate of analysisSafety Datasheet
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所以说,感染同一种病毒,每个人识别的表位可能不一样。
1、存在于细胞外环境时,不显复制活性,但保持感染活性,是病毒体或病毒颗粒形式。
2、抗原,是指能够刺激机体产生(特异性)免疫应答,并能与免疫应答产物抗体和致敏淋巴细胞在体外结合,发生免疫效应(特异性反应)的物质
核心抗原由183个或185个氨基酸组成,高度磷酸化,是乙肝病毒核心颗粒的唯一结构蛋白。正由于它存在于Dane颗粒核心结构表面,被表面抗原覆盖,故不易在血循环中检出。核心抗原具有强免疫原性,可诱导很强的体液免疫和细胞免疫,刺激机体产生抗-HBc。
e抗原为可溶性蛋白质,传染性强,游离存在于血液中,虽然很早就被发现,在病理上认为是HBV复制以具有强感染性的一个指标,但其功能尚不清楚。抗-HBe的出现,是预后良好的征象。向左转|向右转
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主要是中度以上细胞免疫缺陷包括:CD4+T淋巴细胞耗竭,外周血淋巴细胞显著减少,CD4<200/μl,CD4/CD8<1.0,(正常人为1.25~2.1),迟发型变态反应皮试阴性,有丝分裂原刺激反应低下。NK细胞活性下降。
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如用PCR方法检测相关病原体,恶性肿瘤的组织病理学检查。
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采用酶联免疫吸附法、明胶颗粒凝集试验、免疫荧光检测法、免疫印迹检测法、放射免疫沉淀法等,其中前三项常用于筛选试验,后二者用于确证试验。
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