Description

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Transfection Reagent for Astrocytes (Primary Astrocyte Cells, Astroglia)

• Proprietary cationic lipids formulation
• High transfection efficiency of small RNA (siRNA, shRNA, miRNA), mRNA, pDNA
• Effective and robust intracellular delivery
• Kit includes Transfection Enhancer reagent
• Produces consistent results, lot-to-lot, plate-to-plate, and well-to-well
• Work in the presence of serum
• A proven reagent for establishing stable cell lines
• Optimized transfection protocols are adapted for use with both standard & reverse transfection methods
• Download in vitro Astrocyte transfection protocol: [PDF]
• Download Astrocyte CRISPR/Cas9 transfection protocol: [PDF]
• Download PowerPoint presentation for Astrocyte cells transfection kit: [PPT]
• Developed and manufactured by Altogen Biosystems

Transfection Efficiency:

Reagent exhibits at least 70% transfection efficiency of siRNA delivery. Transfection efficiency was determined by qRT-PCR.

Transfection Protocol and MSDS:

Download Altogen Biosystems Astrocyte Transfection Protocol: [PDF]

Download MSDS: [PDF]

Astrocyte Cells (Primary Astrocytes and Astroglia):

The human brain comprises two major cell types: neurons and glia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting nerve signals while glia safeguard neurons. Astrocytes, a sort of glial cells, make over 50% of all brain cells. In the event of any distress to the Central Nervous System (CNS), a process called gliosis is triggered. Gliosis involves the rapid differentiation of glial cells to provide mechanical support to neurons. However, excessive gliosis is symptomatic of various forms of brain cancer. Per the study published in the January 2016 issue of Tumor Biology, astrocytes play an important role in controlling the environment around a tumor. Astrocytes retard the detection of cancer cells by the immune system and help enhance their proliferation. Preclinical research targeting astrocytes can provide valuable insight into molecular pathways that can curb tumors. Transfection is a well-regarded technique to conduct preclinical research in many different cells, including astrocytes.

Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes are supportive cells, and their functions include biochemical support of endothelial cells, which form the blood-brain barrier, providing nutrients to the nerve tissue, extracellular K+ level regulation, neurotransmitters removal, and helping repair the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries. They are also dependent on myelination and synapses formation. Many primary astrocytes express the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein or GFAP. Research indicates that astrocytes communicate with neurons through the release of gliotransmitters via a calcium ion process. There are three types of astrocytes in the central nervous system: fibrous, protoplasmic and radial. It is believed astrocytes cell bodies are separate and do not overlap.

Astrocytes, also known as astroglia, are cells in living organisms that make up parts of the nervous system, particularly in the brain and spinal cord. They work with the body’s natural response to trauma in the brain and spinal cord, by repairing and providing nutrients to affected areas. Because of this, astrocytes may be useful in the study of specific medical treatments for patients suffering from spinal cord injuries. These cells are crucial to research in the field of neuroscience.

Primary cell cultures are used in biological and gene therapy studies and serve as valuable model systems that may more accurately represent the biology of healthy cells. Many cultured cell lines, as well as the majority of primary cell cultures, can be transfected with exogenous nucleic acids when appropriate transfection approaches are employed. Since the majority of transfection methods causes significant toxicity in primary cell cultures, optimizing this procedure, specifically the protocol and reagents to be utilized, is essential for developing an effective transfection strategies for a given cell type. ALTOGEN® Kits for primary cells and sensitive cell lines have been designed to have significantly lower cytotoxicity than other alternatives.

Data:

Figure 1. SiRNAs targeting Lamin A/C mRNA or non-silencing control siRNA were transfected into actrocyte cells following the recommended protocol. At 48 hours post-transfection the cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR for gene expression levels. 18S rRNA levels were used to normalize the Lamin A/C data. Values are normalized to untreated sample. Data are means ± SD (n=3).

Figure 2. Protein expression of Lamin A/C in Astrocyte cells. DNA plasmid expressing Lamin A/C or siRNA targeting Lamin A/C were transfected into Astrocyte cells following Altogen Biosystems transfection protocol. At 72 hours post-transfection the cells were analyzed by Western Blot for protein expression levels (normalized by total protein, 10 µg of total protein loaded per each well). Untreated cells used as a negative control.

Selected Astrocyte Transfection Reagent product citations:

• Journal of Neuroscience. 2013 33(44). Foxo3a Transcriptionally Upregulates AQP4 and Induces … Kapoor et al [PDF]
• Mol Cell Biol. 2013 33(7). SCO2 induces p53-mediated apoptosis by Thr845 phosphorylation … Madan et al [PDF]

Altogen Biosystems:

Altogen Biosystems provides pre-optimized transfection kits and electroporation products for life sciences and cancer research. Transfection protocols are optimized for individual cancer cell lines. Altogen Biosystems developed two types of in vivo delivery kits (animal transfection): 1) Tissue-targeted reagents (delivery of proteins, DNA, and RNA into liver, pancreas, or kidney tissues), and 2) Broad range in vivo biodistribution reagents (PEG-Liposome based reagent, Nanoparticle-based in vivo reagent, Lipid-based transfection kit, and Polymer-based kit). Advanced formulation of reagents and optimized transfection protocols provide efficient intracellular delivery of proteins, DNA, mRNA, shRNA, siRNA, and other negatively charged biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. Read more about transfection technology at Altogen’s Transfection Resource.

Altogen Research Services:

Altogen Labs provides GLP-compliant contract research studies for pre-clinical research, IND applications, and drug development. Biology CRO services include: Xenograft models (30+), development of stable cell lines, ELISA assay development, cell-based and tissue targeted RNAi studies, safety pharm/tox assays, and other studies (visit AltogenLabs.com).

Volume Options:

• 0.5 ml (Catalog #1711)
• 1.5 ml (Catalog #1712)
• 1.5 ml CRISPR (Catalog #2110)
• 8.0 ml (Catalog #1713)

AltogenBiosystems是一家开发和制造用于生命科学研究，药物发现和开发的转染试剂盒的生物技术公司。转染试剂盒针对特定癌细胞系和原代细胞培养进行了优化，可将生物分子有效递送到靶组织中。通过先进的试剂配方和优化的转染方案实现体外（癌细胞系）和体内（动物组织靶向试剂、癌细胞系）递送货物分子，包括质粒DNA，各种类型的RNA（mRNA，siRNA，shRNA，microRNA），蛋白质和小分子研究。 

Altogen生命科学公司致力于研发，生产和销售特定细胞系的转染试剂，用于细胞间生物分子的传递，并通过对转染试剂类型的设计将siRNA和质粒DNA有效地转入不同的细胞系和原代细胞内。Altogen公司开发的聚合物，脂质体，纳米粒子为基础的转染技术分别针对分子生物学，组合化学，和细胞生物学而分别应用。Altogen定制服务提供符合GLP要求定制研究服务，包括代稳定的细胞系，细胞银行和冷冻保存，焦磷酸测序，克隆，RNA干扰（RNAi）和基因沉默服务，发展分析，siRNA文库筛选，并转染服务。稳定的肿瘤细胞株和原代细胞的产生，可以是非常昂贵和费时。该公司的细胞培养科学家的细胞株的选择，无论是利息或shRNA表达载体的稳定表达的基因改造。标准的RNAi技术服务，包括设计与合成的siRNA的利益，验证siRNA的沉默效率，siRNA转染条件的优化，使高效的基因沉默细胞系或原代培养细胞的靶基因。转染培养细胞的瞬时或稳定的引入外源性分子和遗传物质（即RNA或DNA），通常是在生物实验室用来研究基因功能，基因表达的调节，生化映射，突变分析，和蛋白质的生产。科学家利用各种载体分子，这种分子，使质粒DNA（PDNA），信使RNA（mRNA），短干扰RNA（siRNA），小分子RNA（miRNA）的，并进入肿瘤细胞株和原代细胞的蛋白质的基因交付。不幸的是，无单提货的方法或转染试剂，可以适用于所有类型的细胞，细胞的细胞毒性和转染效率显着不同，取决于试剂，协议，并正在利用细胞类型。Altogen生物系统公司提供超过60种类型的细胞的预优化转染试剂盒。纳米粒子，脂质和聚合物基ALTOGEN®在体内转染试剂，使交付功能的RNA和DNA分子在体内。PEG脂质体在体内输送系统减少由于PEG修饰的先天免疫反应，并提供高效的siRNA转染的DNA，并在体内的蛋白质。由科学“杂志（2010年12月17日）：PEG脂质体在体内转染试剂盒siRNA的特色Altogen生物系统功能的特定细胞系转染试剂盒

120+细胞转染试剂和活体组织靶向试剂盒制造商AltogenBiosystems是一家生物技术公司，开发和制造用于生命科学研究、药物发现和开发的转染试剂盒。Altogen®体内转染试剂可有效地将生物分子导入靶组织。细胞转染试剂盒针对特定的癌细胞系和原代细胞进行了优化。通过先进的试剂配方和优化的转染方案实现货物分子（DNA、RNA、蛋白质）的高效传递。AltogenBiosystems利用高分子化学、分子和细胞生物学的专业知识，开发了新的体内外给药技术。转染是将外源分子导入培养细胞中，常用于研究基因功能、基因表达调控、生化定位和蛋白质生产。不幸的是，由于细胞毒性和转染效率的差异很大，并且取决于所使用的试剂、方案和细胞类型，因此没有一种单一的传递方法或转染试剂可应用于所有类型的细胞。AltogenBiosystems为120多个癌细胞系和原代细胞类型提供优化的转染试剂盒和电穿孔产品。体内转染试剂可实现组织靶向给药。Altogen的转染试剂盒包括用于体外（癌细胞系）和体内（用于动物研究的组织靶向试剂）转染的转染增强剂试剂和转染复合物冷凝器。Altogen实验室提供符合GLP的实验室合同研究服务。我们的生物CRO服务包括异种移植物的疗效、IND应用的pharm/tox研究和安全性测试、分析开发（ELISA、IC-50、qPCR）、90多个异种移植物动物模型、RNAi和基因沉默服务。Altogen的细胞培养科学家通过在28天内培育出稳定的细胞系，将选择的细胞系转化为稳定表达感兴趣的基因。