
HypophyllanthinP-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
































Quality Control & MSDS
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- Purity = 98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chemical structure


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Cas No. | 33676-00-5 | SDF | Download SDF |
Synonyms | NSC 619044 | ||
Chemical Name | (7S,8S,9R)-9-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4-methoxy-7,8-bis(methoxymethyl)-naphtho[1,2-d]-1,3-dioxole | ||
Canonical SMILES | COC[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC)CC(C=C(OC)C2=C3OCO2)=C3[C@H]1C4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4 | ||
Formula | C24H30O7 | M.Wt | 430.5 |
Solubility | ≤0.2mg/ml in ethanol;10mg/ml in DMSO;30mg/ml in dimethyl formamide | Storage | Store at -20°C |
Physical Appearance | A crystalline solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
Hypophyllanthin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), two major drug efflux pumps, play a key role in the translocation of certain drugs and xenobiotics via restrictive barriers. The presence of P-gp and other efflux transporters on the apical membrane of enterocytes can limit absorption and therefore oral bioavailability. Inhibition of the activity of these transporters can increase plasma levels of various drugs that are their substrates, resulting in changes in drug efficacy and adverse reactions.
In vitro: Previous study found that hypophyllanthin could inhibit P-gp function with comparable potencies, but could not affect MRP2 activity. When hypophyllanthin was washed out before addition of substrate, the inhibitory action against P-gp function was lost. These results indicated the reversibility of the inhibition. Moreover, prolonged exposure of the Caco-2 cells to hypophyllanthin up to 7 days had no effect on P-gp function [1].
In vivo: A previous study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbofuran on estrous cycle and follicular growth in virgin Wister rats as well as recovering from the damaged estrous cycle with treatment of hypophyllanthin. Hypophyllanthin is non-steroidal plant molecule with estrogen-like activities, but with an estrogen-type activity. Hypophyllanthin was capable of interacting with estrogen receptors, showing both agonist and antagonist methods of action. Therefore, hypophyllanthin was found to be systemically transformed into enterolignan, which is known to be responsible for augmenting estrus cycle in rats [2].
Clinical trial: So far, no clinical study has been conducted.
References:[1] N. Sukhaphirom, N. Vardhanabhuti, H. Chirdchupunseree, et al. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin inhibit function of P-gp but not MRP2 in Caco-2 cells. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 65, 292-299 (2012). [2] Aminul Islam et al. Estrogenic Properties of Phyllanthin and Hypophyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus against Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Female Rats. Pharmacologyonline 3: 1006-1016 (2008).
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转换酶中的一类。催化氨基酸和a-氧代酸(a-酮酸
)或醛酸之间的氨基转换反应,生成与原来的a-氧代酸或醛酸相应的a-氨基酸或ω-
氨基酸,原来氨基酸转变成相应的氧代酸。转氨酶催化的反应都是可逆的。转氨酶可按底物的不同分成3大类。L-a-氨基酸(酮酸转氨酶) 、ω-
氨基酸(酮酸转氨酶)和D-氨基酸转氨酶。转氨酶的辅基是磷酸吡哆醛或磷酸吡哆胺,两者在转氨基反应中可互相变换。
转氨酶参与氨基酸的分解和合成。氨基酸转氨后生成的酮酸或醛酸可经氧化分解而供能,也可转变成糖类或脂肪酸。相反,酮酸或醛酸也可经转氨酶的作用而生成非必需氨基酸。某些氨基酸之间的互变也有转氨酶参与。在高等动物各组织中,活力最高的转氨酶是谷氨酸
: 草酰乙酸转氨酶( GOT )和谷氨酸:丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)。
转氨酶是人体代谢过程中必不可少的“催化剂”,主要存在于肝细胞内。当肝细胞发生炎症、坏死、中毒等,造成肝细胞受损时,转氨酶便会释放到血液里,使血清转氨酶升高。
通常,体检中主要检查的转氨酶有丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT,俗称谷丙转氨酶)和天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST,俗称谷草转氨酶),其中尤以前者(ALT)最为常用。1%的肝脏细胞损害,可以使血中ALT的浓度增加1倍。因此,ALT水平可以比较敏感地监测到肝脏是否受到损害。
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1、酶在医药方面的应用
酶在医药方面的应用多种多样,可归纳为下列3个方面:
(1) 用酶进行疾病的诊断
(2) 用酶进行疾病的治疗
(3) 用酶制造各种药物
1.1酶在疾病诊断方面的应用
(1)根据体内酶活力的变化诊断疾病:
表9-1 通过酶活力变化进行疾病诊断
酶
疾病与酶活力变化
淀粉酶
胰脏疾病,肾脏疾病时升高;肝病时下降
胆碱酯酶
肝病、肝硬化、有机磷中毒、风湿等,活力下降
酸性磷酸酶
前列腺癌、肝炎、红血球病变时,活力升高
碱性磷酸酶
佝偻病、软骨化病、骨瘤、甲状旁腺机能亢进时,活力升高;软骨发育不全等,活力下降
谷丙转氨酶
肝病、心肌梗塞等,活力升高
谷草转氨酶
肝病、心肌梗塞等,活力升高
γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)
原发性和继发性肝癌,活力增高至200单位以上,阻塞性黄疸、肝硬化、胆道癌等,血清中酶活力升高
醛缩酶
急性传染性肝炎、心肌梗塞,血清中酶活力显著升高
精氨酰琥珀酸裂解酶
急、慢性肝炎,血清中酶活力增高
胃蛋白酶
胃癌,活力升高;十二指肠溃疡,活力下降
磷酸葡糖变位酶
肝炎、癌症,活力升高
β-葡萄糖醛缩酶
肾癌及膀胱癌,活力升高
碳酸酐酶
坏血病、贫血等,活力升高
乳酸脱氢酶
肝癌、急性肝炎、心肌梗塞,活力显著升高;肝硬化,活力正常
端粒酶
癌细胞中含有端粒酶,正常体细胞内没有端粒酶活性
山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)
急性肝炎,活力显著提高
5’-核苷酸酶
阻塞性黄疸、肝癌,活力显著增高
脂肪酶
急性胰腺炎,活力明显增高,胰腺癌、胆管炎患者,活力升高
肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)
心肌梗塞,活力显著升高;肌炎、肌肉创伤,活力升高
α-羟基丁酸脱氢酶
心肌梗塞、心肌炎,活力增高
单胺氧化酶(MAO)
肝脏纤维化、糖尿病、甲状腺机能亢进,活力升高
磷酸己糖异构酶
急性肝炎,活力极度升高;心肌梗塞、急性肾炎,脑溢血,活力明显升高
鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶
急性肝炎,活力急速增高;肝癌,活力明显升高
乳酸脱氢酶同工酶
心肌梗塞、恶性贫血,LDH1增高;白血病、肌肉萎缩,LDH2增高;白血病、淋巴肉瘤、肺癌,LDH3增高;转移性肝癌、结肠癌,LDH4增高;肝炎、原发性肝癌、脂肪肝、心肌梗塞、外伤、骨折,LDH5增高
葡萄糖氧化酶
测定血糖含量,诊断糖尿病
亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)
肝癌、阴道癌、阻塞性黄疸,活力明显升高
(2)用酶测定体液中某些物质的变化诊断疾病:
表9-2 用酶测定物质的量的变化进行疾病诊断
酶
测定的物质
用 途
葡萄糖氧化酶
葡萄糖
测定血糖、尿糖,诊断糖尿病
葡萄糖氧化酶+过氧化物酶
葡萄糖
测定血糖、尿糖,诊断糖尿病
尿素酶
尿素
测定血液、尿液中尿素的量,
诊断肝脏、肾脏病变
谷氨酰胺酶
谷氨酰胺
测定脑脊液中谷氨酰胺的量,
诊断肝昏迷、肝硬化
胆固醇氧化酶
胆固醇
测定胆固醇含量,诊断高血脂等
DNA聚合酶
基因
通过基因扩增,基因测序,
诊断基因变异、检测癌基因
1.2酶在疾病治疗方面的应用
表9-3 酶在疾病治疗方面的应用
酶 名
来 源
用 途
淀粉酶
胰脏、麦芽、微生物
治疗消化不良,食欲不振
蛋白酶
胰脏、胃、植物、微生物
治疗消化不良,食欲不振,消炎,消肿,除去坏死组织,促进创伤愈合,降低血压
脂肪酶
胰脏、微生物
治疗消化不良

