| INCB-024360potent and selective inhibitor of IDO1 |
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Nature.2017 Jan 19;541(7637):417-420.
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- Purity = 99.10%
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Chemical structure
| Description | INCB024360 is a potent inhibitor of IDO1 with an IC50 value of 10 nM. | |||||
| Targets | IDO1 | |||||
| IC50 | 10 nM | |||||
| Kinase experiment [1]: | |
Kinase assays | The assays were performed at room temperature using 20 nM IDO and 2 mM D-Trp in the presence of 20 mM ascorbate, 3.5 μM methylene blue and 0.2 mg/mL catalase in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). The initial reaction rates were recorded by continuously following the absorbance increase at 321 nm due to the formation of N’-formlylkynurenine. |
| Cell experiment [2]: | |
Cell lines | HeLa cells and human T cells |
Preparation method | The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >15.7mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. |
Reacting condition | 0.001~2 μM |
Applications | IDO1 induction significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation in coculture systems, and the suppression was effectively reversed by INCB024360. IDO1 also increases IFN-γ production, and reduces conversion to regulatory T (Treg)–like cells. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | C57BL/6 mice bearing IDO1-expressing PAN02 pancreatic carcinomas |
Dosage form | 25 and 100 mg/kg, orally, twice a day for 25 days |
Application | The growth of tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. |
Other notes | Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
References: [1] Yue EW1, Douty B, Wayland B, et al. Discovery of potent competitive inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with in vivo pharmacodynamic activity and efficacy in a mouse melanoma model. Med Chem. 2009 Dec 10;52(23):7364-7. [2] Liu X, Shin N, Koblish HK, Yang G, Wang Q, Wang K, Leffet L, Hansbury MJ, Thomas B, Rupar M et al: Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity. Blood. 2010 Apr 29;115(17):3520-30. | |
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| Cas No. | 1204669-58-8 | SDF | Download SDF |
| Chemical Name | (E)-N"-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-4-((2-(sulfamoylamino)ethyl)amino)-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide | ||
| Canonical SMILES | BrC1=C(F)C=CC(/N=C(NO)C2=NON=C2NCCNS(N)(=O)=O)=C1 | ||
| Formula | C11H13BrFN7O4S | M.Wt | 438.23 |
| Solubility | ≥17.1mg/mL in DMSO | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Physical Appearance | A solid | Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution : ship with blue ice.All other available size:ship with RT , or blue ice upon request |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. | ||
INCB024360 is a potent and selective inhibitor of IDO1 with IC50 value of 10 nM. [1]IDO means indoleamine-pyrrole 2, 3-dioxygenase. IDO is an enzyme which is encoded by the IDO1 gene. IDO is the rate-limiting and first enzyme of tryptophan which is one amino acid of human catabolism through kynurenine pathway. The decrease of L-tryptophan can cause halted growth of T cells as well as microbes. IDO belongs to immunomodulatory enzyme. It is produced by some activated macrophages and immunoregulatory cells. IDO is overexpressed in a wide range of cancer cells such as lung, prostatic, pancreatic, colorectal cancer. It is indentified to help cancer cells to escape the immune system by reducing the level of L-tryptophan in the microenvironment of cells.[2]In Hela cells, INCB024360 selectively inhibits the activity of human IDO1 with IC50 values of about 10nM. On the other hand INCB024360demonstrates little inhibition activity against human IDO1 or TDO (tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase). In coculture systems of human dendritic cells with allogeneic lymphocytes, INCB024360 inhibit T-cell proliferation and cytokine production and influence the viability of NK cells. INCB024360 also increase CD86 expression and promote activation T cells by DCs. In mice bearing IDO1-expressing PAN02 pancreatic tumour, ICB024360 significantly inhibit tumour growth in lymphocyte-dependent manner.[1] INCB024360 decreased plasma kynurenine levels by inhibiting the activity of IDO1 at 50 mg/kg in native C57BL/6 mice. INCB024360 also inhibit tumor growth at 100mg/kg in CT26 tumor bearing mice.[3]References: [1]. Liu X, Shin N, Koblish HK, Yang G, Wang Q, Wang K, Leffet L, Hansbury MJ, Thomas B, Rupar M et al: Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity. Blood, 115(17):3520-3530.[2]. Uyttenhove C, Pilotte L, Theate I, Stroobant V, Colau D, Parmentier N, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ: Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nat Med 2003, 9(10):1269-1274.[3]. Koblish HK, Hansbury MJ, Bowman KJ, Yang G, Neilan CL, Haley PJ, Burn TC, Waeltz P, Sparks RB, Yue EW et al: Hydroxyamidine inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase potently suppress systemic tryptophan catabolism and the growth of IDO-expressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther, 9(2):489-498.
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一种是奥曲肽微球商品名“善龙”一种是兰瑞肽微球商品名“索马杜林”
两种药物都是纯进口产品因工艺特殊国际上至今都没有仿制品出现
国外已经有了二代长效生长抑素类似物是凝胶预充剂型的长效兰瑞肽
其工艺比微球制剂更先进了一步患者可做到像胰岛素一样进行自我注射
注射周期也比现有的28天注射间隔更长能达到56天或天的注射周期
微球的制备方法是给药途径选择和控制药物释放的关键。目前，海藻酸钠微球的制备方法主要有乳化离子交联法、微乳法、复凝聚法、锐孔凝固浴法、静电滴法，以及对上述方法的改良制法等。
1.乳化离子交联法该法系指将药物与海藻酸钠溶液混合均匀后滴加至一定的油相中搅拌，制得W/O乳剂，然后加入离子交联剂交联固化，搅拌，分离得载药微球[4]。刘善奎等[5]利用此法制备了DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球，李国明等[6]在交联固化后，继续与壳聚糖溶液反应制备了盐酸阿米替林海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球。Ramesh等[7]改良此法，制备了利心平海藻酸钠-甲基纤维素（MC）共混微球，研究表明，随着微球中MC量的增加，微球的吸水性降低，MC的量与微球的释药速率有一定的关系，这类微球密度较低，可以在胃环境下保留12h以上，有效地提高了利心平的生物利用度。
2.微乳法此法系将一定量的海藻酸钠、药物溶于蒸馏水中搅拌互混，在超声和高速搅拌的条件下将一定量混合液逐滴加入到油相中，形成微乳体系。再将CaCl2溶液逐滴加入到上述混合液中，继续搅拌，进行洗涤，冷冻干燥保存，即得海藻酸钠载药微球。该法多用于磁性微球的制备，以获得粒径小、均匀、靶向性强的载药磁微球。颜秋平等[8]应用该法制得具强磁响应性和缓释效果的阿霉素磁性纳米微球，研究发现此微球粒径小，分散性好，具磁靶向功能，有望成为一种优良靶向肿瘤的药物载体。苏科等[9]对此法进行了进一步改良，在已获得的阿霉素磁性微球基础上，又加入水溶性二亚胺和单抗人转蛋白进行旋转混合，分离、冷冻干燥后获得了人转铁蛋白修饰海藻酸钠载阿霉素药物纳米微球（TDA）。此外，Chuah等[10]在此基础上改进，应用甲基纤维素乳化法联合外部凝胶法制得了大小均一的海藻酸钠微球。
3.复凝聚法由于海藻酸钠为阴离子聚合物，可与阳离子聚合物用复凝聚法制备复合微球。目前常用来与海藻酸盐复凝聚成球的主要有壳聚糖，此外还常与聚赖氨酸一起制备复合微球。这样得到的微球的膜壁强度较强，适合实际应用。此法系将海藻酸钠固体用蒸馏水溶解并分散均匀，加入表面活性剂，继续搅拌形成W/O型乳液。将壳聚糖以乙酸溶解，再加入CaCl2及药物于分液漏斗中，搅拌下逐滴加入到上述W/O型乳液中。加入戊二醛固化后，加正丁醇，充分振摇后放置，离心得沉淀物，即为壳聚糖-海藻酸钠载药微球。李柱来等[11]以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠为基质材料，在乳化体系中以复凝聚法制备头孢曲松微球，该微球具有良好的溶胀和缓释性能。王津等[12]应用复凝聚法制备了出球形度好，均匀圆整，粒径小，包封率较高，稳定性较好和具明显缓释作用的布洛芬壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球。
4.锐孔凝固浴法该法系将药物加入到海藻酸钠溶液中，搅拌均匀，将混合物通过注射器或微孔硅胶管滴入到CaCl2溶液中，搅拌固化，分离微球移至壳聚糖溶液中，继续搅拌交联，分离微球并用蒸馏水洗涤干燥后得载药微球。高春凤等[13]应用此法制得雷公藤多苷提取物壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球，研究表明海藻酸钠浓度、壳聚糖浓度、CaCl2浓度以及海藻酸钠和药物质量之比对包埋率、载药量和体外释放均有影响，而交联固化时间对包埋率和载药量有影响，对体外释放影响不明显。黄岚等[14]将阳离子-β环糊精聚合物（CP-β-CD）与胰岛素形成复合物后，制备了含有此复合物的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球系统，并应用于胰岛素口服系统，结果表明CP-β-CD的加入，能有效的提高胰岛素的包封率以及在模拟肠液中的释放，是一种非常有前景的胰岛素口服制剂的助剂。
5.静电滴法该法系将囊材与药液搅拌混合，搅拌条件下加进海藻酸钠溶液，在注射器推动力和电场力作用下，原料液滴入低温CaCl2溶液，
迅速固化，形成海藻酸钙凝胶微球，浸泡，清洗，真空避光室温干燥。谷继伟等[15]用此法制得粒径小于1mm的奥沙普秦壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球。
满意请采纳谢谢展开
1、该制剂为肌肉注射；
2、制备该微球过程中用到了二氯甲烷、乙醇、正庚烷、二甲基硅油。国家药典有机溶剂残留规定：二氯甲烷残留限度为0.06%；乙醇残留限度为0.5%；正庚烷残留限度0.5%；二甲基硅油药典中还为収载。目前自制微球的二氯甲烷残留约0.2%左右，正庚烷残留1.0%左右，乙醇残留0.3%左右，二甲基硅油暂未检测。很明显：二氯甲烷和正庚烷超标。后来测了一下原研制剂的有机溶剂残留：二氯甲烷残留约0.1%左右，正庚烷残留1.5%左右，乙醇残留0.2%左右。本人也制剂新手，请各位大神帮帮忙，积极发言。我这个长效缓释PLGA微球制剂中有机溶剂残留限应该定多少合适，我后期优化工艺时对上述有机残留应该控制到多少一下合适。
各位老师，在用凝集法或去溶剂法制备BSA的纳米微球，查阅相关文献，使用100mg的BSA溶于10ml的去离子水中，配成1wt%的水溶液，然后在磁力搅拌下，以1ml/min或2ml/min的速度加入乙醇40ml。在加入过程中，溶液变成乳白色，然后在加入就逐渐变清凉，但同时有沉淀出现，请问各位实验过程有啥问题啊？采取哪些措施可以避免出现沉定？另外制备纳米颗粒的过程，对BSA有具体的要求吗
