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Description

Honokiol is a lignan originally found in species of Magnolia that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-angiogenic, antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antithrombotic, and anxiolytic activities. Honokiol inhibits angiogenesis in epithelial cells and prevents tumor growth in animal models of angiosarcoma; it also suppresses growth and proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. In animal models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, honokiol inhibits lipid peroxidation, ROS and inflammatory cytokine production, NF-κB activation, and neutrophil recruitment, infiltration, and adhesion. Honokiol also decreases platelet aggregation in vitro and increases time to thrombus formation in vivo. Additionally, this compound potentiates the effects of GABA-A receptors by acting at the benzodiazepine site and also inhibits cell entry and replication of hepatitis C virus and HIV-1. Honokiol also acts as an agonist at PPARγ receptors as wll as agonst at CB1 receptor and an antagonist at the CB2 receptor.

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References

Atanasov AG, Wang JN, Gu SP, et al. Honokiol: a non-adipogenic PPARγ agonist from nature. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Oct;1830(10):4813-9. PMID: 23811337.

Zhang P, Liu X, Zhu Y, et al. Honokiol inhibits the inflammatory reaction during cerebral ischemia reperfusion by suppressing NF-κB activation and cytokine production of glial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2013 Feb 8;534:123-7. PMID: 23262090.

Lan KH, Wang YW, Lee WP, et al. Multiple effects of Honokiol on the life cycle of hepatitis C virus. Liver Int. 2012 Jul;32(6):989-97. PMID: 22098176.

Ku TH, Lee YJ, Wang SJ, et al. Effect of honokiol on activity of GAD(65) and GAD(67) in the cortex and hippocampus of mice. Phytomedicine. 2011 Oct 15;18(13):1126-9. PMID: 21561750.

Chen XR, Lu R, Dan HX, et al. Honokiol: a promising small molecular weight natural agent for the growth inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Oral Sci. 2011 Jan;3(1):34-42. PMID: 21449214

Hu H, Zhang XX, Wang YY, et al. Honokiol inhibits arterial thrombosis through endothelial cell protection and stimulation of prostacyclin. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005 Sep;26(9):1063-8. PMID: 16115372.

Liou KT, Shen YC, Chen CF, et al. Honokiol protects rat brain from focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and reactive oxygen species production. Brain Res. 2003 Dec 5;992(2):159-66. PMID: 14625055.

Bai X, Cerimele F, Ushio-Fukai M, et al. Honokiol, a small molecular weight natural product, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 12;278(37):35501-7. PMID: 12816951.

Song JM, Anandharaj A, Upadhyaya P, et al. Honokiol suppresses lung tumorigenesis by targeting EGFR and its downstream effectors. Oncotarget. 2016 Sep 6;7(36):57752-57769. PMID: 27458163.

Rempel V, Fuchs A, Hinz S, et al. Magnolia Extract, Magnolol, and Metabolites: Activation of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors and Blockade of the Related GPR55. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012, 4(1):41-5, PMID: 24900561 PMCID: PMC4027495 DOI: 10.1021/ml300235q