MatTek’spatentedEpiDermsystemisaleADInginvitrotestingtechnologyfordermaltoxicologistsandformulationscientists.WithmultipleECVAMvalidationsandOECDacceptedtestguidelines,EpiDermisaproveninvitromodelsystemforchemical,pharmaceuticalandskincareproducttesting.
- SkinIrritation(OECDTG439)andCorrosion(OECDTG431)Testing
- ProducedunderGMP
- Excellentinvitro–invivocorrelation
Technology:

AlsoknowngenericallyasaReconstructedHumanEpidermis(RHE),EpiDermisaready-to-use,highlydifferentiated3Dtissuemodelconsistingofnormal,human-derivedepidermalkeratinocytes(NHEK)culturedonspeciallypreparedtissuecultureinserts.

Culturedattheair-liquidinterface(ALI),EpiDermallowsfortheevaluationoftopicallyappliedcompounds,chemicals,cosmetic/personalcareproductingredientsandfinalformulations.Withourstraightforwardprotocolsand20+yearsofdata,EpiDermisthegoldstandardforabroadrangeofhighlypredictiveinvitroapplications.

EpiDermexhibitshumanepidermaltissuestructureandcellularmorphologywithgreateruniformityandreproducibility.It’s3Dstructureconsistingoforganizedandproliferativebasalcells,spinousandgranularlayers,andcornifiedepidermallayersaremitoticallyandmetabolicallyactive.
Applications:
TheEpiDerm3Dhumantissuemodelisusedacrossadiverserangeofapplicationsincludingsafetyandriskassessment,andBIOLOGicalefficacy.WithAir-liquidInterface(ALI)culturetechnology,EpiDermcanbeusedtoevaluatebiologicalresponsestotopicalapplicationsofformulationsoringredients.Simpleprotocolsandtheevaluationofearlycellularendpointsallowresearchtoacquiredataindays,notweeksormonths.
SkinIrritation(OECDTG439)
UseEpiDermtodeterminetheskinirritationpotentialofliquids,solids,gels,lotions,ointmentsorcreams.TissueviABIlityresultsareacquiredwithin3days.
SkinIrritationTestProtocol
SkinCorrosion(OECDTG431)
Determinetheskincorrosionpotentialoftestmaterialsinasingleday.
SkinCorrosionProtocol
SkinHydration
MeasuretheelectricalimpedanceofEpiDermtoassesstheefficacyoftopicallyappliedmoisturizersincludingcreams,gelsandlotions.TheSkinHydrationprotocolallowsfordataanalysiswithin24hours.
SkinHydrationApplicationNote
DermalDrugDelivery
UtilizeexistingtransdermalpermeationequipmentorMatTek’ssimplesingleinsertpermeationdevicestoassessAPIpermeationandflux.DeterminerelativesafetywiththeEpiDermMTTET-50assay.
PercutaneousAbsorptionProtocol
Phototoxicity
IdentifyphototoxiceffectsoftopicalorsystemictestsubstancesusingtheEpiDermPhototoxicityAssay(pre-validated)
PhototoxicityProtocol
DermalGenotoxicity
IdentifygenotoxiceffectsoftopicalorsystemictestsubstancesusingEpiDermGenotoxicityAssays(pre-validated)
MicronucleusAssayProtocol
CometAssayProtocol
EpidermalDifferentiation
Evaluateactivecompoundsforeffectsonepidermaldifferentiationusingtheunder-developedEpiDermtissuemodel
BrowseourreferencelibrarytoseehowourEpiDermtissuehasbeenusedintheseareasofstudy.
TechSpecs:
Tissue
Kit:AstandardEpiDermkit(EPI-200)consistsof24tissues.(Tissue“kits”containtissues,asmallamountofculturemedium,andplasticware;contactMatTekforspecifickitcontents)
Formats:9mm&22mmindividualinsertsand96-wellHTSplates–tissueculturesubstrateischemicallymodifieswithaporesizeof0.4μm
Culture:Air-liquidinterface
Histology:8-12celllayersplusstratumcorneum(basal,spinous,andgranularlayers)
Lotnumbers:Tissuelotsproducedeachweekareassignedaspecificlotnumber.Aletterofthealphabetisappendedtotheendofthelotnumbertodifferentiatebetweenindividualkitswithinagivenlotoftissues.Alltissuekitswithinalotareidenticalinregardstocells,medium,handling,cultureconditions,etc.
Shipment:At4°Conmedium-supplemented,agarosegels
Shipmentday:EveryMonday.ShipmentonThursdayalsopossIBLeuponspecialrequest
Delivery:TuesdaymorningviaFedExpriorityservice(US).OutsideUS:Tuesday-Thursdaydependingonlocation
Shelflife:Includingtimeintransit,tissuesmaybestoredat4°Cforupto6dayspriortouse.However,extendedstorageperiodsarenotrecommendedunlessnecessary.Inaddition,thebestreproducibilitywillbeobtainediftissuesareusedconsistentlyonthesameday,e.g.Tuesdayafternoonorfollowingovernightstorageat4°C(Wednesdaymorning)
Lengthofexperiments:Culturescanbecontinuedforupto3weekswithgoodretentionofnormalepidermalmorphology.Culturesmustbefedeveryotherdaywith5.0mloflonglifemaintenancemedium(EPI-100-LLMM),standardmaintenancemedium(EPI-100-MM),ornewmaintenancemedium(EPI-100-NMM).Extendedcultureexperimentsrequiretheuseofculturestands(MEL-STND;seephoto)orwashers(EPI-WSHR)in6-wellplatestoallowforculturingin5.0mlofculturemedium
Cells
Type:Normalhumanepidermalkeratinocytes(NHEK)
Geneticmake-up:Singledonor
Derivedfrom:Neonatal-foreskintissue(NHEK)
Alternatives:NHEKfromadultbreastskin
Screenedfor:HIV,Hepatitis-B,Hepatitis-C,mycoplasma
Medium
Basemedium:Dulbecco’sModifiedEagle’sMedium(DMEM)
Growthfactors/hormones:Epidermalgrowthfactor,insulin,hydrocortisoneandotherproprietarystimulatorsofepidermaldifferentiation
Serum:None
Antibiotics:Gentamicin5µg/ml(10%ofnormalgentamicinlevel)
Anti-fungalagent:AmphotericinB0.25µg/ml
pHIndicator:Phenolred
Otheradditives:Lipidprecursorsusedtoenhanceepidermalbarrierformation(proprietary)
Alternatives:Phenolred-free(EPI-200-PRF),antibiotic-free(EPI-200-ABF),anti-fungal-free(EPI-200-AFF),orhydrocortisone-freemediumandtissue(EPI-200-HCF)areavailable.Agentsareremovedatleast3dayspriortoshipment.PleasediscussyourspecificmediaformulationandtissueneedswithMatTekscientificpersonnelbeforeplacingyourorder.
Assay/Maintenancemedium:Threemaintenancemediaareavailable.EPI-100-MMisequivalenttotheassaymediumusedforshorttermtoxicologicaltesting.LongLifeMaintenanceMedium,EPI-100-LLMM,containsα-MSHandβ-FGF.NewMaintenanceMedium,EPI-100-NMM,containsKeratinocyteGrowthFactor(KGF),butdoesnotcontainα-MSHandβ-FGF.Althoughallmediawillresultingoodretentionofepidermalmorphologyforupto3weeks(5.0mlchangedeveryotherday),useofEPI-100-NMMwillgivetheoptimalhistologyforlongtermstudies.
QualityControlandSterility
Visualinspection:Alltissuesarevisuallyinspectedandifphysicalimperfectionsarenoted,tissuesarerejectedforshipment
End-usetesting:Tissuesareexposedto1%TritonX-100for4,6,8and12.5hours.Thetimeofexposurerequiredtoreducethetissueviability(ET-50)usingtheMTTviabilityassayisdetermined(SeeMatTekEpiDermMTTET-50Protocol)foreachlotoftissue.ET-50’smustfallwithintherangeofthe1996EpiDermdatabaseof4.77–8.72hours.ET-50’sincustomers’labsmaydifferslightlyfromtheMatTekresults.
Sterility:Allmediausedthroughouttheproductionprocessischeckedforsterility.Maintenancemediumisincubatedwithandwithoutantibioticsfor1weekandcheckedforsterility.Theagarosegelfromthe24-wellplateusedforshippingisalsoincubatedfor1weekandcheckedforanysignofcontamination
Screeningforpathogens:AllcellsarescreenedandarenegativeforHIV,hepatitisBandhepatitisCusingPCR.However,noknowntestmethodcanoffercompleteassurancethatthecellsarepathogenfree.Thus,theseproductsandallhumanderivedproductsshouldbehandledatBSL-2levels(biosafetylevel2)orhigherasrecommendedintheCDC-NIHmanual,“Biosafetyinmicrobiologicalandbiomedicallaboratories,”1998.Forfurtherassistance,pleasecontactyoursiteSafetyOfficerorMatTektechnicalservice
Notificationoflotfailure:IfatissuelotfailsourQCorsterilitytesting,thecustomerwillbenotifiedandthetissueswillbereplacedwithoutchargewhenappropriate.BecauseourQCandsterilitytestingisdonepost-shipment,notificationwillbemadeassoonaspossible(Undernormalcircumstances,ET-50failureswillbenotifiedbyWednesday5p.m.;sterilityfailureswillbenotifiedwithin8daysofshipment)
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1,如果加入的药物中含有金属,是否会有影响?
金属对CCK-8显色有影响。当终浓度为1Mm的氯化亚铅、氯化铁、硫酸铜会抑制5%、15%、90%的显色反应,使灵敏度降级。如果终浓度是10Mm的话,将会100%抑制。
2,CCK-8试剂的保存条件?
在避光条件下CCK-8试剂在4℃可保存一年。如果需要保存较长时间的话,推荐在-20℃下保存。但是CCK-8若反复解冻和冰冻将会增加空白吸收,从而影响检测结果,若经常使用可将试剂存放在4℃冰箱内保存。
3,预培养后,更换培养基需要细胞计数吗?
一般情况下用胰蛋白酶处理对数增长期的细胞,用血球计数盘计数,制备成一定浓度的细胞悬液即可。如果想要精密计数细胞的话,可以预培养后取培养基用血球计数盘进行计数。
4,CCK-8对于不同的细胞,灵敏度是否一样?
不一样,悬浮细胞与贴壁细胞相比较难染色。对于贴壁细胞,一般加入CCK-8培养1-4小时吸光度已经很高,但对于悬浮细胞则可能吸光度较低,可以通过延长CCK-8的加入时间或增加细胞数量来解决。
5,悬浮细胞和贴壁细胞在数量上有何区别?
悬浮细胞由于染色比较困那,一般需要增加细胞数量和延长培养时间。贴壁细胞染色比较容易,若细胞数量过大,有时吸光度会超过酶标仪的读数。
6,应该每次做标准曲线吗?
建议每次做。虽然细胞是一样的,但是细胞的状态不一定一样,对于状态不一样的细胞,建议每次做标准曲线。如果试剂的批号不一样,灵敏度可能会有轻微的差异,对于不同的批号建议分别做标准曲线。
7,有时在药物作用情况下,细胞已经死亡,但是脱氢酶的活性还在,是否能计算细胞数量?
不能。由于CCK-8是通过和细胞内的脱氢酶进行反应间接反映活细胞数量,如果细胞已经死亡,但脱氢酶的活性还在,则试剂测定的细胞数量将会比真实值高,不能真实反映活细胞数量,建议采用别的方法测定。
8,实验之前,是否需要先检测一下培养基和CCK-8是否会反应?
需要,可用一个孔检测一下,因为有培养基中可能含有氧化还原反应的物质,在正式实验之前有必要先确认培养基和CCK-8是否反应。一般正常在的OD值应该在0.4以下。
9,如果OD值太低,可以采取什么办法?
可以采取2个办法:①适当增加细胞数量。②延长加入CCK-8试剂后的染色时间。
以上内容来自英格恩生物CCK8试剂盒
①持续分裂细胞,又称周期性细胞, 即在细胞周期中连续运转的细胞。机体内某些组织需要不断的更新,组成这些组织的细胞就必须通过不断分裂产生新细胞。此类细胞的分裂周期非常正常, 有丝分裂的活性很高。如性细胞(包括卵母细胞和精原细胞),它们要不断地产生配子; 造血干细胞需要不断地产生红细胞和白细胞;上皮基底层细胞需要通过分裂不断补充表面老化死亡的细胞; 植物的根茎尖端细胞需要通过分裂进行生长等都是具有正常周期的持续分裂细胞。
②终端分化细胞, 即永久性失去了分裂能力的细胞,它们不可逆地脱离了细胞周期, 但保持了生理活性机能。这些细胞都是高度特化的细胞, 如哺乳动物的红细胞、神经细胞、多形性白细胞、肌细胞等, 这些细胞一旦分化,就永远保持这种不分裂状态直到死亡。
③G0细胞,又称休眠细胞,暂时脱离细胞周期,不进行DNA复制和分裂, 也称静止细胞群。但这些细胞可在某些条件的诱导下重新开始DNA合成, 进行细胞分裂。如肝细胞, 外科手术切除部分肝组成后可以诱导进入细胞分裂。淋巴细胞可通过与抗原的相互作用诱导增殖。在胚胎发育早期(卵裂期),所有的细胞均为周期性细胞, 以后随着发育成熟, 某些细胞进入了GO期, 某些细胞分化后丧失分裂能力。到成体时,只有少数细胞处于增殖状态, 它们的增殖仅作为补充丢失的细胞, 或对外界刺激的反应。
首先,可以让学生设想细胞数目增加需要那些方面准备?过程会怎么样?这实际上是学生主体性的体现,有利于学生总体把握细胞增殖的变化规律。
然后,要让学生明白细胞内有好多变化,但我们的学习集中在染色体的变化规律来教学,重点一定要突出染色体这样的变化是为了遗传性状的稳定。复制、螺旋化、移到赤道面、着丝粒分裂、纺锤丝牵拉都是为了染色体结构和数目的稳定,这种动态变化完全可以设想出来,不需要去死记硬背。
最后,由于概念繁杂,一定要对概念进行辨析:染色体和染色质;纺锤体和纺锤丝;赤道面和细胞板。
B、癌胚抗原为肠癌组织产生的一种糖蛋白,故可用于癌细胞的检测,B错误;
下、癌细胞表面糖蛋白减少,故可用于检测细胞癌变的证据,下错误;
D、癌细胞的磷脂分子未发生变化,故不能用于检测细胞癌变的证据,D正确.
自噬是一个吞噬自身细胞质蛋白或细胞器并使其包被进入囊泡,并与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体,降解其所包裹的内容物的过程,藉此实现细胞本身的代谢需要和某些细胞器的更新。
方式:真核生物的分裂依据过程不同有三种方式,有有丝分裂,无丝分裂,减数分裂。其中有丝分裂是人、动物、植物、真菌等一切真核生物中的一种最为普遍的分裂方式,是真核细胞增殖的主要方式。减数分裂是生殖细胞形成时的一种特殊的有丝分裂。向左转|向右转
本研究从新合成的十种核苷类似物中筛选具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物, 观察其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用,并探讨可能的作用机制。
减数分裂也是真核生物细胞增殖的方式之一。
真核生物细胞增殖的方式有:有丝分裂、无丝分裂和减数分裂。

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