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Mycoplasmas in cell culture are – among other things – affecting cell growth and cell physiology seriously leading to unsatisfying and less significant results. The increasingly widespread use of more sophisticated and sensitive methods for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures has resulted in contamination being detected in numerous cultures. This raises the issue of how to eliminate mycoplasma contamination. Naturally, the ideal solution is to discard the contaminated cells. However, if the valuable cells that are stored in liquid nitrogen are also contaminated, a solution is required for eliminating the mycoplasmas and preparing a new cell bank, particularly if the cells are unique and the result of extensive work. The most commonly used method for elimination, inactivation, or suppression of mycoplasmas in cell cultures is treatment with distinct antibiotics. In general, antibiotic therapies do not result in long-lasting, successful elimination. Also, the cytotoxic properties of antibiotics can cause undesirable side effects on eukaryotic cells and may facilitate the development of resistant mycoplasma strains.
The new Mycoplasma-EX method for mycoplasma elimination overcomes all of these drawbacks combining a non-antibiotic and a thoroughly adjusted antibiotic treatment resulting in unique features as compared to other methods and products. Mycoplasma-EX is the first biological reagent that eliminates mycoplasmas by directly killing them, and not just by inhibiting their growth. It is the only anti-mycoplasma agent that can be used to clean virus stocks and most eukaryotic cell cultures directly while showing an extremely low cytotoxicity. Mycoplasma-EX has been shown to be effective with only one treatment, destroying mycoplasmas permanently within 2-3 hours using the non-antibiotic Initial Treatment Reagent only. When using in addition the antibiotic Succession Treatment Reagent, the teatment time extends to – depending on the cell type – two to four weeks. Mycoplasma-Ex is applicable for most cell lines (e.g. Vero, BHK21, GBK, ML, Hep2, 293, CRFK, H9, Molt4, MT-4, Jurkat) and primary cells as well as virus stocks (e.g. SHV-1, BHV-1, HSV-1, VSV, SFV, FCV, MEV). Success of mycoplasma elimination has to be determined after the initial and – if required – succession treatment using a sensitive mycoplasma detection kit.
Benefits of Mycoplasma-EX:– highly effective against M. orale, M. hyorhinis, M. hominis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, M. arginini, M. fermentans, and other mycoplasma species usually encountered as contaminants in cell cultures– combined non-antibiotic and antibiotic treatment– significantly reduced treatment time– ease of use– temperature stable, ready-to-use solution– no additional dosing during the treatment necessary– low cytotoxicity: kills mycoplasmas very efficiently – but is safe for cells
Mycoplasma-EX is a sterile, ready-to-use solution, aliquoted per tube for single use. Store the original container at temperatures of2 to 8°C.
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二、保持乐观情绪乐观的态度可以维持人体于一个最佳的状态,尤其是在现今社会,人们面临的压力很大,巨大的心理压力会导致对人体免疫系统有抑制作用的荷尔蒙成分增多,所以容易受到感冒或其它疾病的侵袭。
三、限制饮酒每天饮低度白酒不要超过100毫升,黄酒不要超过250毫升,啤酒不要超过1瓶,因为酒精对人体的每一部分都会产生消极影响。即使喝葡萄酒可以降低胆固醇,也应该限制每天一杯,过量饮用会给血液与心脏等器官造成很大破坏。
四、参加运动专家进行的3项研究指出,每天运动30到45分钟,每周5天,持续12周后,免疫细胞数目会增加,抵抗力也相对增加。运动只要心跳加速即可,晚餐后散步就很适合。
五、补充维生素每天适当补充维生素和矿物质。专家指出,身体抵抗外来侵害的武器,包括干扰素及各类免疫细胞的数量与活力都和维生素与矿物质有关。
六、改善体内生态环境用微生态制剂提高免疫力的研究和使用由来已久。研究表明,以肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌为代表的有益菌群具有广谱的免疫原性,能刺激负责人体免疫的淋巴细胞分裂繁殖,同时还能调动非特异性免疫系统,去“吃”掉包括病毒、细菌、衣原体等在内的各种可致病的外来微生物,产生多种抗体,提高人体免疫能力。对于健康人来说,不妨“食疗”,多吃些乳酸菌饮料;而健康边缘人群,可以用微生态制剂来调节体内微生态平衡。能提高免疫力的食品
1.灵芝:灵芝可增强人体的免疫力,这是因为灵芝含有抗癌效能的多糖体,此外,还含有丰富的锗元素。锗能加速身体的新陈代谢,延缓细胞的衰老,能通过诱导人体产生干扰素而发挥其抗癌作用;
2.新鲜萝卜:因其含有丰富的干扰素诱导剂而具有免疫作用;
3.人参蜂王浆:能提高机体免疫力及内分泌的调节能力,并含具有防癌作用的蜂乳酸;
4.蘑菇、猴头菇、草菇、黑木耳、银耳、车养、百合等:都有明显增强免疫力的作用;
5.香菇:香菇所含的香菇多糖能增强人体免疫力。展开
二、特异性免疫:
病原体进入机体后,又可分为胞外菌感染免疫和胞内菌感染免疫两类。
1、胞外菌感染免疫:胞外菌感染时,病菌位于宿主细胞外的血液、淋巴液、组织液等体液中。这时发生的是非特异性的吞噬细胞吞噬和炎症反应;随后产生待异性抗体,两者配合,共同消灭病菌。
2、胞内菌感染免疫:原菌侵入机体后进入宿主细胞内,此时的体液免疫对胞内菌作用不大,因抗体不能进入宿主细胞内,故对这些菌的清除需依靠细胞免疫。一般先由吞噬细胞将它们吞噬,但不能有效地将其杀灭,因此病原菌容易随吞噬细胞在体内扩散,蔓延,而造成全身感染。但在此过程中,机体在病原菌的刺激下逐渐形成细胞免疫,通过致敏淋巴细胞释放的各种淋巴因子,激活吞噬细胞,可大增强其吞噬消化能力,抑制病原菌在吞噬细胞内生存,从而获得防御同种病种原菌再感染的免疫力。
Virus,HIV),顾名思义它会造成人类免疫系统的缺陷。aware可自测不用抽血祝您健康天 猫!
科学家在针对这种免疫系统缺陷的研究依然一筹莫展