Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Mutant V70A Protein, CF Summary
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins.Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration.The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard.In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
UM-V70A
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a solution of deionized water. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 10 mg/ml in aqueous buffer. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid (aa) protein that is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin is highly conserved with 96% aa sequence identity shared between human and yeast Ubiquitin, and 100% aa sequence identity shared between human and mouse Ubiquitin (1). In mammals, four Ubiquitin genes encode for two Ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion proteins and two poly-Ubiquitin proteins. Cleavage of the Ubiquitin precursors by deubiquitinating enzymes gives rise to identical Ubiquitin monomers each with a predicted molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. Conjugation of Ubiquitin to target proteins involves the formation of an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine residue of Ubiquitin and a lysine residue in the target protein. This process of conjugation, referred to as ubiquitination or ubiquitylation, is a multi-step process that requires three enzymes: a Ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme, a Ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme, and a Ubiquitin ligase (E3). Ubiquitination is classically recognized as a mechanism to target proteins for degradation and as a result, Ubiquitin was originally named ATP-dependent Proteolysis Factor 1 (APF-1) (2,3). In addition to protein degradation, ubiquitination has been shown to mediate a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and post-endocytic sorting (4-7).
Ubiquitin has a distinct and functionally important hydrophobic patch whose surface is defined by three residues including Leu8, Ile44 and Val70. These residues are solvent accessible in Ubiquitin chains and are critical for poly-Ubiquitin chain interaction and recognition by the 26S Proteasome and subsequent target degradation.These hydrophobic residues interact directly with various factors that bind to Ubiquitin and/or mediate Ub-Ub interactions in Ubiquitin chains that may influence orientation and recognition. Ubiquitin V70A can form a Ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme-catalyzed active thioester at the C-terminus allowing the molecule to be transferred to the lysines of substrate proteins.
- Sharp, P.M. & W.-H. Li. (1987) Trends Ecol. Evol. 2:328.
- Ciechanover, A. et al. (1980 ) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1365.
- Hershko, A. et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1783.
- Greene, W. et al. (2012) PLoS Pathog. 8:e1002703.
- Tong, X. et al. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287:25280.
- Wei, W. et al. (2004) Nature 428:194.
- Wertz, I.E. et al. (2004) Nature 430:694.
FAQs
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Reconstitution Buffers
Reconstitution Buffer 1 (PBS)
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通量PARP/凋亡分析试剂盒可广泛应用于1）检测原代、肿瘤等细胞的PARP活性；2）检测凋亡前后的PARP活性；3）利用细胞裂解液筛选PARP抑制剂。
试剂盒特色比色法/化学发光法，无放射性输出。96well，高通量检测。极大地节省了分析时间，提高了使用效率。高敏感性。能够检测到500个细胞中低至0.1mU的PARP。检测范围广。0.1-10mU。样本用量少。仅仅需要10-100ng的提取物。检测时间短。仅需要3h即可完成检测。
**捷向您提供一站式的PARP相关实验解决方案，除了高通量PARP/凋亡分析试剂盒，还有PARP体内药理动力学二代分析试剂盒(PDAII)和通用PAPR分析试剂盒外(含组蛋白包被可拆卸板)，以及相关抗体和重组蛋白。
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A.优点：
多重分析——一次分析可以检测16种干细胞相关的TF
定量比较——二个样本的差异可以定量分析和比较
步骤简单——探针温育、柱分离、板杂交和HRP检测
无需贵重仪器——无需如Luminex那样的贵重仪器
B.原理：
干细胞转录因子活性多重检测阵列试剂用于同时检测多种TF活性。该技术中，基于TFDNA结合位点的一致性序列，制备一系列生物素标记的探针。当探针混合物与核提取物一起温育时，每个探针寻找相应的TF，形成TF/探针复合物，通过柱离心纯化可以很容易与游离探针分开。结合的探针从混合物中分离出来，通过板杂交分析。板孔中预包被上与探针互补的特异序列，捕获的DNA探针进一步用链酶亲和素-HRP检测，化学发光检测仪测定发光强度（RLUs）。
