Norepinephrine(NE) bitartrate monohydrate is generally considered to be a β1-subtype selective adrenergic agonist. Norepinephrine(NE) also has direct activity at the β2-adrenoceptor in higher concentrations[1]. Adipocytes from the inguinal fat pad (iWA) or the interscapular fat pad (BA) are isolated from neonatal wild-type C57BL/6J mice and cultured. To examine the effect of activating AT2 upon β-adrenergic signaling, cAMP production is first assessed in response to Norepinephrine (NE, 10 µM) with or without CGP (10 nM) co-treatment. Norepinephrine (NE) increases cAMP as expected in iWA, and CGP does not alter this effect. Norepinephrine (NE) is also known to induce lipolysis, and liberated fatty acids are required to functionally activate UCP1 protein and to stimulate heat production. CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 is increased after Norepinephrine (NE) treatment and significantly attenuated with CGP co-treatment in mouse iWA[2].
Clinical Trial
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References
[1]. MacGregor DA, et al. Relative efficacy and potency of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for generating cAMP in human lymphocytes. Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):194-200.
[2]. Littlejohn NK, et al. Suppression of Resting Metabolism by the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor. Cell Rep. 2016 Aug 9;16(6):1548-60.
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationVolumeMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
2.9649 mL
14.8245 mL
29.6490 mL
5 mM
0.5930 mL
2.9649 mL
5.9298 mL
10 mM
0.2965 mL
1.4824 mL
2.9649 mL
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.
Cell Assay
[2]
Norepinephrine (NE)is dissolved in DMSO and stored, and then diluted with appropriate media before use[2].
Subcutaneous preadipocytes derived from a 38-year old non-diabetic female donor are immortalized with TERT and HPV E6/E7. For the current studies, a stable diploid clone (referred to as clone B) with consistent differentiation capacity is isolated by ring cloning. Cells are grown in preadipocyte PGM2 media. Once cells are confluent, differentiation is induced by incubation in differentiation media consisting of dexamethasone, IBMX, indomethacin, and additional insulin. Cells are differentiated for 10 days. Prior to treatment, media is replaced with PGM2 media for one day and then switched to serum-free media overnight for treatments. Adipocytes are treated for 6 hours with vehicle, Norepinephrine (NE, 10 μM), CGP (10 nM), or Norepinephrine (NE) and CGP[2]. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. MacGregor DA, et al. Relative efficacy and potency of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for generating cAMP in human lymphocytes. Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):194-200.
[2]. Littlejohn NK, et al. Suppression of Resting Metabolism by the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor. Cell Rep. 2016 Aug 9;16(6):1548-60.
Molecular Weight
337.28
Formula
C₁₂H₁₉NO₁₀
CAS No.
108341-18-0
Storage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
6 months
-20°C
1 month
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
[1]. MacGregor DA, et al. Relative efficacy and potency of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for generating cAMP in human lymphocytes. Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):194-200.
[2]. Littlejohn NK, et al. Suppression of Resting Metabolism by the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor. Cell Rep. 2016 Aug 9;16(6):1548-60.
